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2015
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vol. 60
|
issue 5 (364)
8-26
EN
Public policy is a new science discipline in Poland. At the same time, it is an area of practice so it refers to real public interventions (measures) that are undertaken in order to solve a specific problem, usually by the government, but also by various civic society entities. Interventions may vary and may comprise a municipal road construction, as well as an enterprise innovation support programme, or an improvement of access to medical services. Interventions may also denote whole reforms in the given area. In his article, the author presents the key issues of public policy as a science discipline and actual public activities. He discusses, in the first place, the aspects that seem useful from the perspective of NIK audits conducted in the institutions tasked with public interventions.
EN
This paper addresses the application of the LEADER (2007–2013) programme in the rural areas of Eastern Germany. Adopting a monograph approach and structuralist methods of sociology, it analyses the forms of participation of the local stakeholders and the operation of the action system that supports the collective approach towards local development. The analysis examines the hypothesis that the learning of the LEADER approach, based on endogenous development practices and principles of local governance, is related to effects of geographical context formed by spatial configuration, the structure of the local economy, and the heritage of the past.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia rozwój polityki regionalnej w Zjednoczonym Królestwie od jej genezy i podjęcia pierwszych kroków na rzecz zmniejszenia bezrobocia w niektórych regionach - datowanych na koniec lat 20. XX w., aż do początku XXI stulecia. Rozważania koncentrują się na przesłankach interwencji państwa w sferę rozwoju regionalnego, jej celach, zakresie i stosowanych instrumentach oraz instytucjach odgrywających najważniejszą rolę w tym obszarze. Ulegają one interesującym zmianom wraz z przejęciem władzy przez kolejne rządy Partii Konserwatywnej lub Partii Pracy oraz w wyniku przyłączenia do Jednolitego Rynku. Na zakończenie autorka przedstawia najważniejsze wnioski, które swą puentę mają w przyszłości tej polityki.
EN
The article deals with the evolution of the regional policy in the UK whose traditions in this respect are the richest among West European countries. Its genesis is linked with attempts to reduce unemployment in industrialised regions. It is commonly agreed that state interventionism in regional development began with the publication of the Special Areas Development and Improvement Act of 1934 which covered Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and northern England. The article focuses on the assumptions behind the regional policy, its objectives, scope, instruments used, and institutions responsible for its implementation indicating changes made by subsequent Conservative and Labour governments. While the former restricted the scope and volume of support in aid of assisted areas, the latter did the opposite. The regional policy defined and modified by the European Community plays a significant role in determining its shape as much as deregulation, reinforcement of the regional tier itself, predominance of social matters over economic ones as well affective and selective nature of support.
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