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EN
The article presents result-based performance management in the public sector and challenges for its formation. The attention is paid to the fact that despite the managerial character, this is a perspective with political implications. Before the result-based performance management in Lithuania is analyzed, the American experience has been presented, where almost each new administration of the President (since President Lyndon B. Johnson) has introduced systemic novelties with regard to the development of management on the federal level. Lastly, qualitative research data is used to present the attitudes of Lithuanian civil servants and politicians to the components of performance management, while the programmes of the political parties for the Lithuanian Seimas (Parliament) in 2012-2016 help to reveal the attitudes of the present party in power towards the components of performance management.
EN
Freedom of expression is one of the most fundamental rights in a democratic society. In fact, the freedom to express one’s opinion and to impart, as well as to receive, information, is essential for the participation in the democratic process. The ability to make decisions as a citizen requires access to information; the participation in the life of the society requires the ability to express one’s opinions. It is imperative that in a democratic society, as it is envisaged by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), everybody is able to express their views, regardless as to whether these views correspond to the views of those who are in power. This ability is one of the key differences between democracy anddictatorship. In particular in the nation-states of Eastern Europe, which have only known freedom for a bit less than a quarter of a century, the growth of democratic structures is inextricably linked to the ability to exercise this right. But while human rights in principle pit the citizen against the State, the citizen who serves the State in a professional function might also wish to express opinions that go against the view of those who are entrusted with leading the State. This is particularly the case when it comes to members of the armed forces. The jurisprudence of the Convention organs with regard to the right of public officials and other State agents to express their opinion freely is not as coherent as it is with regard to other questions concerning the ECHR. In a case decided in late 2013, the European Court of Human Rights dealt with this question with regard to Lithuania. In this article, the authors look at the question of how far the State can restrict the freedom of expression of members of the armed forces under the European Convention on Human Rights.
EN
In the present article the author discusses government employers of public servants on the example of certain acts. The aim of the present article is indication of government employers of public servants of Border Guard, Prison Service, Agency for Internal Security, Intelligence Agency, Marshal Service, Customs Service and Secret Service.
PL
W niniejszym artykule badaniu poddano podmioty zatrudniające funkcjonariuszy na przykładzie niektórych pragmatyk służbowych. Przeprowadzone badania stanowią próbę wskazania podmiotów zatrudniających funkcjonariuszy następujących służb: Straży Granicznej, Służby Więziennej, Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, Agencji Wywiadu, Straży Marszałkowskiej, Służby Celno-Skarbowej oraz Służby Ochrony Państwa.
RU
В статье анализируется проблема противоправности в деятельности публичных служащих. Определяются административные и уголовные основания ответственнос- ти публичных служащих. Классифицируются административные деликты как составляющие противоправных действий. Приводятся взгляды ученых на проблемы коррупционного риска, оснований позитивной юридической ответственности, уго- ловной ответственности. Коррупция показывается как полиструктурное явление в деятельности публичных служащих.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problem działań urzędników państwowych niezgodnie z prawem na terenie Ukrainy. Określono karne i administracyjne podstawy odpowiedzialności urzędników państwowych. Przedstawiono także opinie naukowców na temat problemów z korupcją i związaną z nią kwestią odpowiedzialności prawnej. Korupcja ukazana została jako zjawisko multistrukturalne w działalności urzędników państwowych.
EN
The article analyses the problem of illegality in the activities of public servants in Ukraine. It describes the administrative and criminal bases of responsibility of public servants and presents scientists’ views on corruption problems and the related issue of legal responsibility. Corruption is shown as a multistructural phenomenon in the activities of public servants.
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