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EN
In the article is taken notice of precedential phenomenas of culture seen through intertextual process. The author thinks, that you can understand phenomena of culture similar to texts. On the basis of Russian and Polish contemporary publicistic texts, you can follow how phenomenas of culture chosen by the author function (Don Kichot, Calvary, Napoleon).
EN
This article attempts to compare Jan Maria Rokita’s talks between 1989 and 2007, the period of his active participation in politics, and the theses which he posed as a journalist. This is meant to help answer the question about the extent of the evolution of the would-be Prime Minister’s views in relation to the Polish situation. The analysis is devoted to media information referring to Jan Rokita’s utterances and his 66 comments, which were published between 1 September, 2008 and 31 August, 2009 on dziennik.pl.
EN
Based on textx excerpted from Czechoslovak periodicals and dailies of that time the study shos changes of the image of nuclear power and nuclear energy in Czechoslovakia between the 1950s and the 1980s, as well as the position of environmental issues in it. In the 1950s, the image prevailing in periodicals and dailies was that of harnessed and transformed nature, with the anticipated arrival of nuclear power plants presented as a natural replacement of coal-fired plants necessitated by limited coal reserves. At that time there were no doubts about the ''cleanliness'' of nuclear power plants. In the decades that followed, the strategy of authors, often experts in the field and promoters of science, changed, as the ''nuclear optimism'' was ebbing. They started, albeit cautiously, admitting a possibility of health; however, referring to accurate data, they were also downplaying the risk, claiming it was highly unlikely. The authoress contextualizes the Czechoslovak nuclear energy discourse, showing that there were no significant differences from the general ''nuclear optimism'' prevailing in the Soviet Union, United States or France; however, since the mid-1960s, and particularly since the following decade, the shape and form of the discourse in the Soviet Bloc diverged from that in the West considerably. In Czechoslovakia, the discourse was monopolized and no texts questioning the Czechoslovak orientation on nuclear energy could be officially published. The inertia of the positive image of nuclear power in Czechoslovak journalism was made possible not only by the socialist dictatorship, but also by a continuity of authors. In this respect, there were never a question whether to use nuclear power or not; the question was how to develop it in a way guaranteeing a sufficient level of environmental protection and safety of nuclear power plants.
CS
a2_Autorka československý diskurz o jaderné energii kontextualizuje a ukazuje, že zatímco v padesátých letech se nijak zásadně nelišil od všeobecného ,,atomového optimismu'', vládnoucího stejně tak v Sovětském svazu, Spojených státech nebo Francii, od druhé poloviny šedesátých let, a zejména následující dekády se podoba tohoto diskurzu v sovětském bloku a na Západě značně diferencovala. V Československu byla jeho produkce monopolizována a texty zpochybňující československou orientaci na jadernou energetiku nemohly být oficiálně publikovány. Setrvačnost pozitivního obrazu jaderné energetiky v československé publicistice byla umožněna podmínkami socialistické diktatury, ale také personální kontinuitou autorů. Otázka zde nikdy nezněla, jestli jaderná energetika ano, či ne, ale jak při jejím rozvoji zajistit dostatečnou ochranu životního prostředí a bezpečnost jaderných elektráren.
EN
a2_Czechs, according to the author, often described themselves as rational and efficient bearers of Western Civilization, but were, they felt, sometimes excesively lenient or idealistic. A quite different picture of Carpathian Ruthenia, the author argues, was offered by the journalism of the Czechoslovak Communists. In the 1920s, the Communists were the strongest political party here and it was mainly their discourse that established the narrative about a Czech bourgeois dictatorship, occupation, and colonial practices. In the concluding sections of the article, the author presents a summary of how, from the 1930 to the present, Carpathian Ruthenia was present in Czech cultural memory and Czechoslovakia was present in the cultural memory and history of Carpathian Ruthenia.
CS
a2_Další dvě zdejší etnické skupiny, Maďary a Židy, naproti tomu Češi zobrazovali převážně negativně, jako orientálce protikladné Evropanům, jejichž vliv je nutné marginalizovat. Podobně záporné hodnocení platilo také pro podkarpatské komunisty, ukrajinské emigranty a řeckokatolickou církev. Sami Češi se podle autora často charakterizovali jako racionální a efektivní nositelé západní civilizace, avšak někdy též jako příliš mírní nebo idealističtí. Zcela odlišný obraz Podkarpatské Rusi, jak ukazuje autor, nabízela publicistika československých komunistů. Ti zde byli ve dvacátých letech nejsilnější politickou stranou a jejich diskurz nastoloval především narativ české buržoazní diktatury, okupace a koloniálních praktik. V závěrečných kapitolách studie podává autor přehled o tom, jak byla od třicátých do současnosti Podkarpatská Rus přítomná v české kulturní paměti a jak je Československo přítomno v kulturní paměti a historii Zakarpatí.
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