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Sytuacja prawna dzieci w Polsce po 1945 r. Wybrane aspekty z A.S. Makarenką w tle

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Różycka-Jaroś S.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
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2017
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vol. 13
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issue 4(39)
69-75
EN
The time after 1945 is one of the most important moments in the process of developing children’s rights, because for the first time in the history of Polish legislation the established law had equalized the legal position of all children, abolishing all differences between those who were born in and outside of marriage. The analysis carried out in the text shows that the law established at that time was not only progressive in relation to the past, but it also kept up to date, about which, after the liberal breakthrough of 1989, we do not want to remember. The developed principles of exercising parental authority, with parents’ rights and duties equated, caused the concept of the child welfare to play a leading role in the interpretation of family law. The child welfare has therefore become the basic value that requires priority treatment. It is also important that after 1945 the process of eliminating children’s corporal punishment from the pre-school and school environment, and now also from the family circle, was initiated.
2
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Administratywizacja karania

100%
Śliwiński E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2021
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vol. 97
199-224
EN
  The article describes the phenomenon of “administrativisation” of punishment. The legislator, when regulating an area of social relations, frequently chooses administrative monetary penalties instead of other instruments of repressive law, such as creating a crime or a petty offence. In particular the reasons for such a decision were analysed. On the basis of statutes adopted during last few years the character of the administrative monetary penalties was described. The possible directions of development of administrative liability in the context of system of law were also indicated.
PL
Artykuł opisuje zjawisko administratywizacji karania. Polega ono na wyborze przez ustawodawcę przy regulowaniu danej dziedziny stosunków społecznych administracyjnych kar pieniężnych zamiast klasycznych instrumentów prawa represyjnego, takich jak utworzenie typu przestępstwa czy wykroczenia. Przeanalizowano w szczególności przyczyny takiego zjawiska. Ponadto (na przykładzie ustawodawstwa z ostatnich lat) opisano charakter administracyjnych kar pieniężnych. Dokonano także wskazania możliwych kierunków rozwoju odpowiedzialności administracyjnej w kontekście systemowym.
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