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Changes in Article 11 of the amended Insolvency Law and their potential consequences for pyramid schemes in Poland in the past and in the present

100%
Sobków R.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
|
2018
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
252-260
EN
Poland’s new Restructuring Law, which entered into force on 1 January 2016, amended the former Insolvency and Reorganisation Law of 2003. The new law has, among other things, introduced changes to the factors to be taken into account when determining the insolvency of corporate entities. The paper focuses on the interpretation of these new provisions with regard to their possible exploitations by pyramid schemes. The conducted analysis has revealed that the new amendments may establish a basis for pyramid schemes to operate legally for two or even three years cycles. This finding applies, in particular, with respect to the amendments made to the indebtedness factor set out in Article 11(2) of the amended Act. The aforementioned consequences contradict the declarations made by the government that the changes in the insolvency law were intended to abolish old mechanisms that proved unworkable in practice and allowed debtors to carry out acts which were detrimental to their creditors.
2
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Zmiany w art. 11 nowelizacji Prawa upadłościowego i jej możliwe konsekwencje dla funkcjonowania piramid finansowych Polsce

75%
Sobków R.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
|
2018
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
242-251
EN
Poland’s new Restructuring Law, which entered into force on 1 January 2016, amended the former Insolvency and Reorganisation Law of 2003. The new law has, among other things, introduced changes to the factors to be taken into account when determining the insolvency of corporate entities. The paper focuses on the interpretation of these new provisions with regard to their possible exploitations by pyramid schemes. The conducted analysis has revealed that the new amendments may establish a basis for pyramid schemes to operate legally for two or even three years cycles. This finding applies, in particular, with respect to the amendments made to the indebtedness factor set out in Article 11(2) of the amended Act. The aforementioned consequences contradict the declarations made by the government that the changes in the insolvency law were intended to abolish old mechanisms that proved unworkable in practice and allowed debtors to carry out acts which were detrimental to their creditors.
PL
W dniu 1.01.2016 r. weszła w życie ustawa Prawo restrukturyzacyjne, nowelizująca dotychczasową ustawę Prawo upadłościowe i naprawcze z roku 2003. Wprowadzo- no w niej między innymi zmiany w przesłankach niewypłacalności podmiotów gospodarczych. Artykuł koncentruje się na interpretacji nowych przepisów pod kątem możliwości wykorzystania ich przez piramidy finansowe. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy wskazano, że w szczególności zmiany dotyczące przesłanki zadłużeniowej, opisanej w art. 11 ust. 2 znowelizowanej ustawy, mogą stanowić podstawę dla piramid finansowych prowadzenia legalnej działalności przez dwa, a nawet trzy lata. Powyższe konsekwencje nowelizacji ustawy stoją w sprzeczności z deklaracjami, że zmiany w prawie upadłościowym miały wyeliminować te z wcześniejszych rozwiązań, które nie sprawdziły się w praktyce i umożliwiały dłużnikowi działanie w celu pokrzywdzenia wierzycieli.
3
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Fraudulent Schemes in the Financial Market (Financial Pyramids) – Detection and Prevention

75%
Čunderlík Ľ.
Financial Law Review
|
2021
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1
16-30
EN
This contribution deals with fraudulent schemes in the financial market. The main aim of the contribution is to provide main identifying features of fraudulent practices that prove to be a financial pyramid. The author summarizes in one place numerous features that indicate the financial pyramid (Ponzi scheme), especially operating on the financial or capital market. He concludes, the state of play of legislation regarding the features is insufficient. The hypothesis to confirm or disprove is there is no uniform legal provision covering all features of the pyramid scheme in Slovakia, the relevant legislation is limited to the prohibition of certain practices, which a priori may not constitute a pyramid scheme.
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