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Immunological and genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to α-cypermethrin pesticide

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El Okda E.-S., Abdel-Hamid M. A., Hamdy A. M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 4
603-615
EN
Objectives The aim of this work has been to find out the occupational oxidative stress, immunological and genotoxic health hazards among α-cypermethrin (CYP) pesticide-exposed workers. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed including 200 workers divided into 3 groups according to the level of exposure: highly exposed group (50 workers), moderately exposed group (50 workers) and unexposed group (100 workers). All workers were subjected to detailed laboratory investigation for gene P53 mutations, immunological parameters as a cluster of differentiation into 3 percentage (CD3%), CD4% and CD8% in addition to peripheral blood total leukocytic and platelet counts that were measured. Spectrophotometer technique was used for detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Air samples were collected with a High Volume Small Surface Sampler for measurement of α-cypermethrin level. Results A highly exposed group to the α-cypermethrin had lower CD4/CD8 as compared to an unexposed group with statistically significant difference. As regards gene mutation, exons 5a and 6 were more frequent among the highly exposed group as compared to no mutation among moderately exposed and unexposed groups with significant difference. As regards antioxidants; SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were higher among the unexposed group as compared to the highly and moderately exposed group with statistically significant difference. Significant negative correlation was found between working years and antioxidant parameters. Conclusions Repeated exposure to α-CYP may lead to gene mutations, immunological disturbances and oxidative stress. Strict safety precautions are required not only for workers but also for public users. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(4):603–615
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Environmental non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure and reproductive hormones levels in adult men

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Dziewirska E., Hanke W., Jurewicz J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2018
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vol. 31
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issue 5
551-573
EN
Non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous, man-made substances present in the environment that may interfere with the natural human hormones and may exert adverse consequences on human organism. Endocrinedisrupting chemicals have been suspected to be associated with altered reproductive function in the case of males and females. Environmental endocrine-disrupting non-persistent chemicals like parabens, phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphate pesticides are found in various products such as metal food cans, plastic bottles, detergents, personal care products or chemicals used for fighting against insects. The widespread distribution of these chemicals causes that humans are permanently exposed through multiple sources. The aim of this review is to summarize data linking non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure, and human, male reproductive hormones levels. The included studies were selected by searched PubMed, Web of Science and MEDLINE, original papers published from 2006 to 2016 and referring to human data were included to the review. The results of reviewed studies were not consistent, however, majority of the studies indicated that non-persistent EDCs may affect male reproductive hormones levels. Most findings suggest that exposure to environmental EDCs is negatively related to the level of testosterone (except for exposure to BPA which is positively associated). In most of the studies negative association was found between exposure to examined EDCs and free androgen index, too. Considering the suggested health effect of exposure to EDCs, more epidemiological data is needed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(5):551–573
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