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EN
The calendar is only an ancillary element in creating Homilary Gospel. In Cyrillic manuscripts of Didactic Gospels calendar system is very diverse, and was not stabilized even by printed edition of the collection. From the mid-sixteenth century calendar’s chronology is increasingly losing the importance. In the Baroque period the calendar was slightly noticed. By its composition the Homilary Gospel imitated a prologue or a menaion. Didactic Gospels were also filled with literature which does not belong to any religious holiday. Homilary Gospels authors’ free approach to the calendar was caused by the antagonism between the calendar’s function – stabilizing and sacralizing – and didactic gospel as a book that should respond to the most current needs of the faithful.
EN
The image of a cross appearing in the sky has been present in Christian literature not only in the body of texts related to several saints, but it has also become one of the most favourite motives of Christian apocryphal literature, especially in its apocalyptic and eschatological section. Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius Patarensis, which is very popular in Medieval literature, is an example of using the motive of a cross as a symbol of cosmic power to illustrate the scenario of the apocalypse and the second advent awaited by Christians. In the apocryphal text, the image of the cosmic cross serves, inter alia, the purpose of graphic and suggestive presentation of the fundamental axiom of that period concerning the existence and co-dependence of two intermingling parallel worlds, namely the earthly (material, mundane) and the heavenly one (divine, eternal). The text constitutes an example of building apocryphal narrative on the basis of a precise semantic code of the Christian vision of times (the past and also the future) testifying to its multi-faceted mythological, biblical, historical and literary implications.
EN
In this research, colophons are studied as an essential component of Cyrillic codices, which were created on the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of Poland (later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). To write the study, the author analysed more than seventy colophons preserved in manuscripts from the collections of libraries in Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. The earliest colophon is contained in the “Lviv Gospel completed (full) aprakos” 1477, and the latest – the “Kotsuriv Gospel” 1600. The study of the text’s structure showed that these colophons belonged to six types with two subtypes, the classifying feature of which was the initial formula. A detailed analysis of the content of each colophon showed that the main components were the recording of the book’s title, the name of its copyist, its origin, time and place of publication, and mention of the customer or buyer. The analysis of the colophons illustrated the phenomenon of authorial statements of scribes, which consisted of explaining the motives of their work, an idea of their mission, instructions to readers, or a request to correct errors in the text. In the colophons 1594 and 1595 by Stepan Popovych, who was from Trushevychi village, the inadmissibility of stealing codices with an appeal to the Holy Scriptures, in particular the passage Hbr 10,31 with its author’s interpretation, was emphasised quite extensively.
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