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Dzieje obozu NKWD/MWD nr 503 Kemerowo, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pobytu w nim osób aresztowanych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w 1945 roku

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Węgrzyn D.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2017

vol. 18

53-78

The article describes the process of detaining civilians by the agents of NKVD nad SMERSH (counter-intelligence agency in the Red Army) in the years 1944–1945, when the Red Army was entering to Central and Eastern Europe. The fortunes of arrested by soviets are presented by the example of one of three crucial camps located in Siberia, where people detained in 1945 were sent; between them there were also Poles – mainly from Eastern Pomerania and Upper Silesia. It was camp number 503 with its headquarters in Kemerowo. Basic historical records used in the study are reports written by the camp’s management to Main Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees (GUPVI) and the witnesses’ accounts of their stay in the camp. The article describes the organization of the camp, living conditions of the detainees, the ways of employing them in siberian industry, question of deaths and comeback of these prisoners, who managed to survive the stay in the camp.

Życie codzienne obywateli polskich w wybranych obozach w ZSRR w latach 1944–1949

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Arkusz A.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2017

vol. 18

37-51

With the re-entry of the Red Army into Poland in 1944, another phase of Soviet repressions began. The internees (deprived of liberty without being sentenced by any judicial body) members of the Polish Independence Underground were held mainly in the camps subordinated to GUPVI NKVD. They were camps in Ostashkov, Ryazan and Borovichy, among many others. A special role was played by the „Smersh” counter-intelligence camp in Kharkov, to which high-ranking representatives of various divisions of the independence underground had been sent. Considering living conditions prevailing in those camps, it should be acknowledged that they depended enormously on the composition of the prisoners. In the camp in Ryazan, where mainly officers of the independence underground were kept, the living conditions were much better than in the camp in Borovichy, where the rank-and-file soldiers of the Home Army and the Peasants’ Battalions were imprisoned. This concerned a food system, sanitary and hygienic conditions, medical care, as well as type of work performed by the prisoners. The best living conditions were in the Kharkov camp, although the internees were completely isolated from the outside world.

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2 Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

1 Arkusz A.

1 Węgrzyn D.

2 2017

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Dzieje obozu NKWD/MWD nr 503 Kemerowo, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pobytu w nim osób aresztowanych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w 1945 roku

Życie codzienne obywateli polskich w wybranych obozach w ZSRR w latach 1944–1949