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Military Aspects in the Spatial Development of Polish Cities in the Nineteenth Century

100%
Łupienko A.
Acta Poloniae Historica
|
2016
|
vol. 114
PL
Military issues were deemed vital in the European politics of the nineteenth century. The aim of this article is to trace the most important implications of the ‘military bias’ of state authorities in the border region between the three empires (Germany, Russia and Austria – later the Austro-Hungarian Empire) which occupied the Central and Eastern part of the continent. Military authorities sometimes exercised a particularly strong influence upon urban policy. The two major issues addressed in this article are the fortifications (their creation, strengthening, and spatial development) which influenced urban sprawl – though perhaps not so much as is maintained in the scholarly literature – and the development of railways. The directions and tracks chosen for the railways were also influenced by the military plans, which in turn often differed much from the visions of the urban officials who made up the administration of the city.
2
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Ostře sledovaní železničáři : Železniční úřady a národnostní otázka v československé části Těšínského Slezska počátkem 20. let 20. století

86%
Gąsior G.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2018
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vol. 104
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issue 1
35-71
EN
In 1920 Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. One of the challenges for the Czechoslovak authorities was integration of this territory, which was largely inhabited by Polish and German populations. Most of the workers on the railways there, such as those on the important Košice-Bohumín track, were also Poles and Germans. In the beginning of the 1920s, the Czechoslovak railway authorities were attempting to diminish the influence of ethnic minorities in the region and to install Czechs into supervisory positions. They thus adopted a policy of transferring some of the railway employees of Polish and German ethnicity into the interior of the country. However, those who had sent their children to Czech schools were usually exempt from this policy.
3
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Železničáři pod zvláštním dohledem : Akce přeložení polských železničářů z Těšínska v letech 1935-1936 a otázka jejich pozdějšího návratu

86%
Gąsior G.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
|
2018
|
vol. 104
|
issue 2
353-400
EN
During the period of the First Republic, a numerous Polish was living in the territory of Cieszyn Silesia, a region which always had great economic and strategic importance for the Czechoslovak Republic. After the deterioration of Czechoslovak-Polish relations and the initiation of Polish diversion operations in Cieszyn Silesia in 1935, the Czechoslovak authorities reached for repressive measures against members of the Polish minority; among these actions, they launched an operation of transferring railway workers of Polish nationality into the midlands in the years 1935-1936. This article is based in study of official government documents, particularly from the Ministry of Railways, the Police Office in Moravian Ostrava, nationalist associations (Slezská Matice osvěty lidové) and also the Polish general consulate in Moravian Ostrava. The selection of documents makes up a significant portion of the article.
4
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Aktywność społeczna stowarzyszeń kolejarzy w Polsce międzywojennej

58%
Suplicka A.
Kultura i Edukacja
|
2022
|
issue 1(135)
104-121
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie działalności stowarzyszeń i aktywności społecznej kolejarzy w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Kolejarze bowiem należeli do licznych i bardzo różnorodnych organizacji społecznych, angażowali się w pracę charytatywną, spółdzielczą, sportową oraz inicjatywy lokalne i ogólnokrajowe. Stowarzyszenia kolejarzy były jedną z form wspierania państwa polskiego w rozwiązywaniu ważnych problemów społeczno-bytowych. Ich działalność jest znakomitym przykładem zaangażowania społecznego – realizacji celów oświatowo-kulturalnych, socjalno-bytowych i zdrowotno-rekreacyjnych, nie tylko wspólnoty kolejarzy, ale również innych stowarzyszeń społecznych dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. W artykule przedstawiono aktywność społeczną kolejarzy podejmowaną w ramach stowarzyszeń, ze wskazaniem ich podstaw teoretycznych i prawnych oraz praktycznych sposobów realizacji wytyczonych przez nie celów. Artykuł oparty jest na źródłach drukowanych, w tym na statutach i sprawozdaniach, dokumentach normatywnych, artykułach z czasopism wydanych w latach międzywojennych nawiązujących do badanego zagadnienia oraz na opracowaniach współczesnych. Zaprezentowane egzemplifikacje stowarzyszeń wskazują, iż odgrywały one istotną rolę w życiu społeczno-politycznym, gospodarczym i oświatowo-kulturalnym okresu międzywojennego. Działalność kolejarzy podejmowana w ramach stowarzyszeń zainicjowała wiele pożytecznych akcji, które stały się czynnikiem twórczym, mającym korzystny wpływ na życie tej grupy zawodowej.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the activities of railwaymen’s associations and social activity in the period of the Second Polish Republic. Railwaymen belonged to numerous and very diverse social organizations, engaged in charity, cooperative, and sports work as well as local and national initiatives. Railway workers’ associations were one of the forms of supporting the Polish state in solving important social and living problems. Their activity is an excellent example of social commitment – the implementation of educational and cultural, social and living as well as health and recreational goals, not only of the railway community but also other social associations of the interwar period. The article presents the social activity of railwaymen undertaken within the associations, with an indication of their theoretical and legal foundations and practical ways of achieving their goals. The article is based on printed sources, including statutes and reports, normative documents, articles from magazines published in the interwar years referring to the issue under study, and contemporary studies. The presented examples of associations indicate that they played an important role in the socio-political, economic, educational and cultural life of the interwar period. The activities of railwaymen undertaken within the associations initiated many useful actions, which became a creative factor that had a positive impact on the life of this professional group.
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