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EN
The increasingly frequent non-linearity of internationalization processes of modern enterprises, manifesting itself in skipping certain stages of internationalization, externalization of selected activities, temporary withdrawal of certain markets, etc., lead to the situation in which the number of possible trajectories of internationalization increases, and thus the explanatory power of existing theoretical models weakens. The purpose of the article is the evaluation of theoretical achievements regarding specific moves in the internationalization processes (such as de-internationalization, re-internationalization, or establishing quasi-hierarchical relationships) and the indication of interdependences and problems, necessary to consider while formulating new theoretical proposals and measures of internationalization. The study draws on results of an in-depth critical literature review.
PL
Cel: Artykuł ma na celu ustalenie, jakie były formy ponownej internacjonalizacji dwóch włoskich i dwóch estońskich przedsiębiorstw oraz jakie czynniki miały na nie wpływ, a tym samym przyczynienie się do rozwoju literatury na temat ponownej internacjonalizacji. Projekt/metodologia/podejście: Opiera się na czterech przypadkach. Wyniki: W opracowaniu wykazano, że na ponowną internacjonalizację wpływ miało kilka czynników wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych – międzynarodowa orientacja decydentów (lub jej zmiany), otoczenie (biznesowe), relacje przedsiębiorstw z partnerami biznesowymi oraz ich swoiste zasoby i możliwości. Ponadto wyjaśniono, że na decyzje o ponownym wejściu na rynek wpłynęły również okoliczności pierwszego wejścia na rynek zagraniczny i następującego po nim wyjścia z tego rynku. Stwierdzono, że wyjście i ponowne wejście są normalne dla przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych i nie zawsze można je przewidzieć lub „zaplanować”. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: W przyszłości można by zbadać więcej przypadków i zebrać więcej danych ankietowych. Większą uwagę należy poświęcić kwestii logiki decyzyjnej, a definicje wymagają dopracowania. Oryginalność/wartość: Wiedza na temat ponownej internacjonalizacji jest wciąż stosunkowo ograniczona, dlatego artykuł przyczynia się do jej poszerzania. JEL: F23; L29; M16 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Institutional Research Funding IUT20-49 of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and by the Estonian Research Council’s grant PUT 1003. We would also like to thank Giorgia Marini and Giulia Pascucci for their help in data collection about two Italian firms. Suggested Citation: Vissak, T., & Francioni, B. (2020). Re-Internationalization Forms and Impact Factors: Four Cases. Problemy Zarządzania (Management Issues), 18(1), 27 –53. https://doi.org//10.7172/1644- 9584.87.2.
EN
Purpose: This paper aims to find out which forms of re-internationalization two Italian and two Estonian case companies experienced and which factors affected them, and through that, to develop the literature on re-internationalization. Design/methodology/approach: It is based on four cases. Findings: The paper shows that several internal and external factors – (changes in) the decision-makers’ international orientation, the (business) environment, firms’ relationships with their business partners, and their unique resources and capabilities – affected re-internationalization. In addition, it explains that the circumstances of initial foreign market entries and the following foreign market exits also influenced the case firms’ re-entry decisions. It concludes that exits and re-entries are normal for international firms and it is not always possible to foresee and/or “plan” them. Research limitations/implications: In the future, more cases could be studied and survey data collected. The issue of decision-making logic needs more research attention and definitions still need development. Originality/value: Knowledge on re-internationalization is still relatively limited and thus this paper contributes toward expanding this knowledge. JEL: F23; L29; M16 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Institutional Research Funding IUT20-49 of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and by the Estonian Research Council’s grant PUT 1003. We would also like to thank Giorgia Marini and Giulia Pascucci for their help in data collection about two Italian firms. Suggested Citation: Vissak, T., & Francioni, B. (2020). Re-Internationalization Forms and Impact Factors: Four Cases. Problemy Zarządzania (Management Issues), 18(1), 27 –53. https://doi.org//10.7172/1644- 9584.87.2.
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