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EN
Changes occurring within the real estate sector in Vietnam resemble of the Polish real estate market in the 1990s. Both the legal constraints, and also the political and economic situation of the country constitute barriers to development for this sector and regarding the adoption of solutions verified in market economies. However, despite such significant obstacles, the real estate sector takes over Polish and foreign experiences regarding the regulation of the real estate brokerage and creation of the profession of a real estate agent. Many of the solutions proposed in Vietnam had not worked in relation to Poland and then underwent further changes. The Vietnamese system seems to walk the beaten path and does not propose the omission of subsequent stages of development regarding the real estate market professions. They are executed on an evolutionary basis. The aim of this article is to review the conditions for the functioning of real estate trade in Vietnam in the context of changes and to compare and attempt to assess the opportunities for the adoption of Polish solutions in the area of the profession of a real estate agent. A comparative analysis leading to the achievement of the set goal required literature studies, an analysis of legal provisions, and interviews with Vietnamese real estate agents acting primarily within the area of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.
PL
Zmiany zachodzące w sektorze nieruchomości w Wietnamie przypominają polski rynek nieruchomości lat 90. ubiegłego wieku. Zarówno ograniczenia prawne jak i sytuacja polityczno-ekonomiczna kraju stanowią bariery rozwoju tego sektora i adaptację rozwiązań sprawdzonych w gospodarkach rynkowych. Jednak mimo tak istotnych przeszkód wietnamski sektor nieruchomości przejmuje polskie i zagraniczne doświadczenia w regulowaniu pośrednictwa w obrocie nieruchomościami i tworzenia zwodu pośrednika. Wiele z proponowanych w Wietnamie rozwiązań nie sprawdziło się w Polsce i uległo kolejnym zmianom. System wietnamski zdaje się podążać utartą ścieżką i nie proponuje pominięcia kolejnych etapów rozwoju zawodów rynku nieruchomości. Realizuje je w trybie ewolucyjnym. Celem artykułu jest przegląd warunków funkcjonowania obrotu nieruchomościami w Wietnamie w kontekście przemian oraz porównanie i próba oceny możliwości zaadaptowania polskich rozwiązań w obszarze zawodu pośrednika w obrocie nieruchomościami. Analiza porównawcza prowadząca do realizacji postawionego celu wymagała studiów literaturowych, analizy przepisów prawa oraz wywiadów z wietnamskimi pośrednikami w obrocie nieruchomościami działającymi przede wszystkim na terenie i w okolicach Hanoi, stolicy Wietnamu.
EN
In the article, the Authors attempt to systematically formulate “property”, from the point of view of both – Polish and EU legislation. They highlight various understandings of property and point out, how complicated the evolution of this law aspect has been. The point of reference in the conducted analysis is the assumption that property is one of the most important elements of the legal order. It is also perceived as a pillar of social and economic system. At the same time, property, and more precisely – its juridical concept assumed by a legislator as a factor shaping not only the content of property right but also determining its allowable forms, constitutes a fundamental instrument used by a country to influence its social and economic reality. As a reference to the Polish law, the Authors presented understandings of property that result from the constitution and civil law and pointed out fundamental differences between them. They highlighted also the fact that the constitutional concept of property is normatively superior to the other concept, what is reflected by the fact that property, formulated in the Constitution as an elementary right, determines the requirements concerning statutory under-standing of property. According to the principles of EU legislation, property is also perceived as an elementary right, but, as in the Polish law, it does not constitute an absolute (unlimited) right. It is though indicated that public interest in the broad sense of the term may constitute a legal prerequisite for interference in owner’s entitlements.
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