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PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza obowiązujących regulacji prawnych w zakresie gospodarowania publicznym zasobem mieszkaniowym, w tym dotyczących zasad kształtowania wysokości czynszu pod kątem ustalenia, czy umożliwią one realizację zasady „prawidłowego gospodarowania” mieniem publicznym. Kwestia ta staje się aktualna wobec nowego zjawiska, jakim jest sukcesywna prywatyzacja lokali w budynkach należących pierwotnie do zasobów publicznych. Nowa struktura własnościowa w tych kompleksach mieszkaniowych powoduje konieczność zweryfikowania funkcjonalności obowiązujących regulacji prawnych dotyczących gospodarowania (zarządzania) lokalami publicznymi znajdującymi się na nieruchomościach, w których udziały w części wspólnej należą do podmiotów zarówno publicznych, jak i prywatnych. Głównym wątkiem rozważań są regulacje prawne dotyczące kształtowania wysokości czynszu w lokalach publicznych (nie tylko komunalnych). Okazuje się, że brakuje w tym zakresie spójności legislacyjnej, która jest konsekwencją rozproszenia zasobów publicznych. Drugim ważnym problemem, który powinien zostać dostrzeżony przez ustawodawcę w związku z tymi zmianami własnościowymi, to obowiązek partycypacji gminy w kosztach utrzymania wspomnianych już wcześniej mieszanych kompleksów mieszkaniowych. Co do zasady, gmina jest zobowiązana do ich ponoszenia, jednak ze względu na publiczne pochodzenie tych środków konieczne jest zaostrzenie zasad nadzoru nad ich wydatkowaniem. W związku z tym w opracowaniu przedstawiono wnioski de lege ferenda.
EN
The subject of this article is to explain what is now “proper management” public housing stock, to a new phenomenon, which is the gradual privatization of apartments in buildings originally belonging to public resources. The new ownership structure makes the need to verify the functionality of the regulations concerning the management premises located on public property, which shares common parts belong to entities both public and private. The main plot of this article is research if the regulations on rent of public the premises (not just municipal sources) has adequate shape to solve actual problems. It turns out that there is a lack of cohesion in the legislative, which is a consequence of the dispersion of public resources (it was presented in point 3: Municipal housing resource and other public housing resources). Another important issue that should be recognized by the legislator, are changes in a structure of the ownership leading public subjects to participation in cost of maintenance of common part of real property (mixed residential complexes). As a rule, the municipality is obliged to bear them, but due to the public origin of these funds, it is necessary to tighten the rules on supervision over their spending. On this point there are the conclusions de lege ferenda.
EN
In 1773 there were 39 monasteries in the city of Cracow. Over the following fifty years no fewer than 21 of them ceased to exist. The reduction in the number of church buildings and in the property belonging to the clergy in Cracow began with Pope Clement XIV’s decision of July 1773 to suppress the Society of Jesus. The Society’s property was taken over by the Commission of National Education. Bishop Michał Jerzy Poniatowski, administrator of the Diocese of Cracow from 1782, citing impoverishment and lack of necessary material base, announced dissolutions of monasteries and secularisation of their property or closure of novitiates in female monasteries – a move that would naturally lead to their dissolution. The reduction of the regular clergy in Cracow was continued in 1796–1809 by the Austrian authorities as part of their campaign to close down institutions lacking funds for their operations. A similar policy was pursued by the government of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1810–1815. The campaign ended in the period of the Free City of Cracow. Initially, former monastery buildings did not disappear from the city landscape – they were taken over by other Cracow congregations, transformed into hospitals, barracks, warehouses for the army or offices. However, often abandoned, they became dilapidated and were sold at public auctions, and then turned into e.g. inns or private houses. As Cracow was being transformed into a modern city, the early 19th century saw a demolition of the Church of St. Stephen and former Jesuit buildings in today’s Plac Szczepański (Stephen Square). In the late 19th century the same fate befell the former monastery and hospital of the Oder of the Holy Ghost – a municipal theatre was established in Plac św. Ducha (Holy Ghost Square). Very few Cracow monasteries survived these changes unscathed. Some congregations in the city, both male and female, had to accept monks and nuns from the dissolved monasteries from all over Cracow. Sometimes the authorities would take over just some buildings of a monastery, paying rent to the monastics. Changes in ownership also affected the monasteries’ property – not only located in Cracow – that did not encompass monastic houses but buildings constituting sources of income for the congregations as tenement houses.
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