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1

Into the Heart o f Matters - in Search o f the Finality of the Translation Proces

100%

Kujawska-Lis E.

Acta Neophilologica

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2007

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issue IX

31-43

EN

The article aims at providing a provisional answer to the question conceming the finality of the translation process. The main point of interest is the status of the revised version of a published translation, that is whether the revision is to be treated as a new realization of a particular literary work (and consequently enriching the translation series of this particular work) or not. In the introductory part, the article examines shortly the models of the process of translation focusing on including the stage of revision into it. The analytical part discusses examples of changes introduced in the revised version of Aniela Zagórska’s translation of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness in comparison with the first published version. The analysis refrains from pointing out corrected mistakes or updating lexical items, syntax and spelling. It focuses on the changes in the treatment of key expressions (heart and darkness, the horror) as well as some examples of structural repetitions and changes of lexical items connected with nautical terminology. On the basis of the investigation one may conclude that the introduced changes do not involve merely intralingual shifts in order to make the revised target version more natural. Rather they involve alterations which stem from a meticulous hermeneutic analysis of the original work and noticing a careful patterning of the lexical items and structures so that this patterning may be reflected in the translation and provide for new interpretative possibilities. Consequently, in William Frawley’s terminology, the translation code in the revised version is modified to such an extent in comparison with the code of the first translation that one may venture the hypothesis that the result is a new realization of this particular literary work.

2

Czech inheritance law and the significance of tradition

86%

Horák O., Daduová M., Osina P.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 4

333-348

EN

The article deals with the importance of the Czech-Austrian legal tradition in Czech inheritance law, particularly with the inter-war recodification (1920–1938) and the contemporary literature. In the first part it analyses the inspirational sources of new inheritance law in general. Next part describes the course of the recodification works in the inter-war era. The third part of the article analyses the scope and particular form of the First Republic inspiration. The last part describes personalities and literature of inheritance law until the middle of the 20th century. The last recodification of Czech private law (2000–2012), finished by issuance of the new Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Sb.), built on the Czech-Austrian legal tradition represented by the interwar proposals from 1931 and 1937. The comparisons suggest that the recodification of inheritance law followed a super revision proposal (1931) even more than the government bill (1937), in some institutes it coincides with the (West) Galician Civil Code (1797), which became the direct precursor of the General Civil Code – ABGB (1811).

3

O pojęciu i znaczeniu wielkich kodeksów cywilnych. W związku z książką Katarzyny Sójki-Zielińskiej, Wielkie kodyfikacje cywilne. Historia i współczesność

86%

Górnicki L.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2012

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vol. 21

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issue 1

51-89

EN

The starting point and inspiration for the reflection of the Author is the outstanding, multithreaded, erudite work of Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska, Great Civil Codifications. History and the Present Day. Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska sees these codifications as the result of a long historical evolution, and also as a starting point for the new development of law, based on these codes. Therefore, the Author analyzes the trust in the method of codification of the law characteristic of the Roman-Germanic legal systems (Continental law). He also focuses on the concept of codification of the law. He distinguishes between codification in a broader sense and codification in the strict sense. In the first of these approaches, the codification includes even the oldest sets of laws that meet certain established criteria. In the second, however, the codification is conceived as a rational, methodical systematization of the law, based on the contribution of original creation, and not on the normal compilation. He draws attention to the fact that in current legislative systems the codification is conceived differently in the Anglo-American model on the one hand, on the other - in the continental European tradition, and still somewhat different - in mixed legal systems located as it were in the middle. Unlike Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska, who associates the beginning of the modern codification of civil law with the eighteenth century, the Author moves the process into the eighteenth century, justifying his position more broadly. He deals also with the problem of classification of the phenomenon of codification of law and considers the concept of the „great civil codifications”. He emphasizes that the creation of their catalogue is not easy, due to the lack of unambiguous criteria enabling the inclusion of given legislative works in this group. Unlike Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska, who includes in the canon of those „great civil codifications” three nineteenth-century codes: French code civile of 1804, Austrian Allgemeines Bürgerlisches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) of 1811 and German Bürgerlisches Gesetzbuch (BGB) of 1896, the Author adds here the Swiss civil code (Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch, Code civil suisse, Codice Civile Svizzero), from the years 1907/1912 and the Italian civil code of 1942 (Codice Civile Italiano), analyzing their systematics and meaning.

4

New Czech Civil Code

72%

Nemcová M.

Studia Iuridica

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2017

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vol. 72

245-265

EN

The paper is devoted to the new Czech Civil Code, thanks to which the Czech private law has experienced its greatest legislative change in the last fifty years representing its ultimate diversion from the socialist law principle. The author discusses briefly the development of Czech private law in general, as well as the recodification process. However, the focus of the paper lies mainly in the presentation of the new Czech Civil Code to the public of Visegrad Group countries. The aim of the presented paper is to provide a complex and unbiased view on the new Czech Civil Code, which in some respects may serve as an inspiration for the drafters of the new Slovak and Polish Civil Code.

5

Opravné prostředky v novém civilním procesu de leeg ferenda

72%

Zukal M.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2018

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vol. 157

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issue 3

251-260

EN

The article focuses on potential legislation concerning a system of remedies in the recodification of civil procedure, which is currently being prepared. Firstly, necessity of recodification itself is emphasized as a consequence of recent recodification of private substantive law. Then the article focuses on system of remedies and remedial proceedings in general: their role, impact on procedural economy, basic principles (especially principle of two instances). The Constitutional court’s case law is critically assessed, since it forces the Supreme court into a position of regular third instance, which does not respect the role of the Supreme court and makes economic rationalisation of civil procedure impossible. The core of the article is a collection of proposals, which are to be dealt with while preparing the wording of new Civil Procedure Act. The author does not claim that all briefly introduced proposals should be accepted without reservation and made part of the new applicable legislation (some of them even could not be accepted at the same time), it is however necessary to consider them (among others) and think each one of them profoundly. The result of such consideration should be a procedure that would be modern, fast and able to secure effective (i. e. also fast) protection of private rights.

CS

Článek se věnuje potenciální úpravě systému opravných prostředků v rámci připravované rekodifikace civilního práva procesního. Úvodem je zdůrazněna nutnost provedení rekodifikace samotné jakožto důsledek proběhnuvší rekodifikace soukromého práva hmotného. Následně je pozornost věnována systému opravných prostředků a opravným řízení obecně: jejich funkci, vlivu na procesní ekonomii, základním zásadám (zejména zásadě dvojinstančnosti). Kriticky je hodnocena judikatura Ústavního soudu stavící dovolací soud do pozice regulérní třetí instance, čímž nerespektuje roli, jakou by měl Nejvyšší soud mít a neumožňuje dostatečné prosazení zásady procesní ekonomie. Jádrem článku pak je soubor tezí, návrhů, s nimiž je třeba se vypořádat při tvorbě nové právní úpravy opravných prostředků v rámci rekodifikace. Autor netvrdí, že všechny stručně nastíněné teze je třeba bez výhrad akceptovat a zapracovat je do nové úpravy (některé z nich by dokonce nebylo možné přijmout současně), je však třeba se s těmito (a případnými dalšími) návrhy vypořádat a při tvorbě nové právní úpravy každý z nich odpovědně zvážit. Výsledkem úvah by měl být proces moderní, rychlý a takový, který zajistí účinnou (tj. mimo jiné včasnou) ochranu soukromých subjektivních práv.

6

Kauzalita a rozsah odpovědnosti

44%

Janeček V.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2016

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vol. 155

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issue 11

959-981

EN

The new Czech Civil code (CC) traditionally does not define causation and leaves this task to the judiciary and legal theory. Despite this statutory “silence”, the changes that stand behind the CC may lead to a conception of causation that is very different from that which has been used in the Czech Republic until recently. The aim of this article is to develop this new theory of causation which is based on an analysis of two crucial reformative features of the CC. In particular, the author seeks to answer how our conception of causation might be influenced by the declared (1) departure from materialism and (2) inclination to the idealistic western tradition.He examines the extra-contractual fault-based liability regime (§ 2910 CC) by a historical, doctrinal and comparative method and shows that the causation under current Czech law can be understood as a two phased ideal test of factual and legal causation (i.e. a relation between a breach of a duty and damage). However, the factual causation test is only a negative one. A positive legal causation (adequacy/scope of liability) is then implied by the statute. According to the CC, the causal link can be presumed where the damage was foreseeable by a rational average human,or by a person of average abilities. Each of these two presumptions plays a crucial role when assessing different causation (relating to primary or consequential damage). This theory may then substantially strengthen the procedural position of the claimant.

CS

Nový občanský zákoník (o. z.) ponechává tradičně vymezení příčinné souvislosti na judikatuře a právní teorii. Vzdor „mlčení“ zákona mohou ale vést změny, které stojí v pozadí o. z., k odlišnému pojetí kauzality, než které u nás doposud panovalo. Cílem tohoto článku je načrtnout do značné míry originální teorii kauzality, a to na základě analýzy dvou klíčových reformních momentů o. z. Konkrétně se autor snaží domyslet, co může pro kauzalitu znamenat deklarovaný 1) odklon od materialismu a 2) příklon k idealistické západní tradici, který přijetí o. z. pravděpodobně provázel. Na příkladu mimosmluvní odpovědnosti za újmu způsobenou vlastním zaviněním (§ 2910 o. z.) autor článku pomocí historické, doktrinální a srovnávací metody dokládá, že kauzalitu lze dnes chápat jako dvojstupňový ideální test faktické a právní souvislosti mezi porušením povinnosti a vznikem újmy. Faktická kauzalita je v takové koncepci nicméně jen měřítkem negativním. Pozitivní měřítko právní souvislosti (adekvátnosti/rozsahu odpovědnosti) pak podle autora plyne přímo ze zákona a je jím hned dvakrát presumované ideální měřítko předvídatelnosti škodního následku z hlediska rozumného průměrného člověka, respektive osoby průměrných vlastností. Každá tato domněnka hraje svou roli při posuzování jiné příčinné souvislosti (buď ve vztahu k první újmě, nebo k následné újmě). Nastíněná teorie může navíc výrazně posílit procesní postavení poškozeného.

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2 Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

1 Acta Neophilologica

1 Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

1 Studia Iuridica

1 The Lawyer Quarterly

1 Daduová M.

1 Górnicki L.

1 Horák O.

1 Janeček V.

1 Kujawska-Lis E.

1 Nemcová M.

1 Osina P.

1 Zukal M.

1 2019

2 2018

1 2016