Search results - CEJSH

1

The Effects of Economic Reforms in India in the Early 1990s

100%

Narayanan V., Allen I., Naser N.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 17

129-147

EN

The aim of this paper is to understand the economic reforms that were undertaken in the late 1980s and early 1990s in India and their relevance today. The study is based on a literature review. The findings from the literature review are validated from data on growth at the national and regional levels. It was found that much of the effects of the reforms are relevant even today in the Indian context. There has been a positive impact on growth due to liberalisation policies. Economic indicators such as GDP and FDI have been on an increasing trend. The removal of trade barriers has had a positive effect on industry. Employment opportunities have increased in both rural and urban areas resulting in a reduction in unemployment. On the negative side, the observed growth is not inclusive. There has been regional a disparity in growth among the different states with some states growing faster than others. Moreover, not all sectors enjoy the benefits of liberalisation. The agriculture sector, for example, has not seen any or at least very few reforms. Thus to sum up, the government of India needs to continue the reforms and ensure that the benefits of an open market reaches one and all.

2

Environmentalists, Researchers and Bloggers in the CAP-Policy Networks

100%

Kosior K., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

|

2014

|

issue 2 (6)

PL

The article aims to examine the role of non-farm actors and environmental interest groups in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). It uses policy networks as an analytical tool to understand the structure, dynamics and outcomes of the EU’s agricultural decision-making processes. Both locations of actors in the CAP policy structures and interaction modes between actors are examined. Also, the role of networks in shaping the CAP’s reform decisions is assessed. The article shows that non-farm actors, and specifically environmentalists, researchers and other agents interested in major CAP reforms, have limited influence on final policy outcomes. At the same time though it has been found that non-farm actors play an increasingly important role in framing the CAP policy debate. They form active and vocal issue networks that impinge upon initial stages of the agenda setting phase in the policy cycle process. Also, the EU institutions become more and more dependent on non-farm actors’ expertise when it comes to policy evaluation. Although the pro-reform approach of these actors is clearly noticeable, it is still too small to bring more than incremental changes within the policy

3

Is Labour Law a Hindrance in India’s Public Enterprises Reforms?

100%

Bharti N., Ganesh G.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2016

|

vol. 5(83)

EN

With a growing dependency on the private participation across the globe, India also implemented the economic reforms process but these reforms have not been supported by any major amendments in the labour Laws though privatization of public enterprises, is one of the key issues in the ongoing economic reforms and India has a major workforce employed in the PEs. Global experiences in privatization appear to suggest that there should be a clear-cut privatization law, which will sustain the logic of what to privatize, how to privatize and for whom to privatize, but till today India has not even considered enacting such a law. The presence of old labour laws and the absence of a privatization law present a complex situation at the time of the second generation of economic reforms undertaken by India. This paper tries to investigate how the Indian Labour law is helpless in helping the labour and in protecting the larger interest of the PE’s reforms.

4

The Pension System in Slovenia in Light of Current International Macroeconomic Changes and Trends

100%

Dolenc P.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

|

2011

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

13-21

EN

The paper presents the results of a study that sheds light on the pension system and its dilemmas in Slovenia in light of current international macroeconomic changes and trends. We found that Slovenia has a pension system similar to that of other comparable economies (with the exception of the second pillar) and that it currently faces similar dilemmas as other economies that are resulting in inevitable reforms of the pension system. On the basis of international comparison and current demographic trends in Slovenia we proposed some policy recommendations for future reforms of the pension system in Slovenia.

5

Kościół katolicki wobec reform szpitalnictwa u schyłku I. Rzeczypospolitej

100%

Srogosz T.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

|

2020

|

vol. 27

|

issue 1

190-204

EN

In individual cases of hospitals, we can see a far-reaching convergence of views, especially when this did not significantly affect the interests of groups or institutions. However, there were extremely fierce disputes over the proposals that undermined the monopolistic position of the Church and its income. During the Four-Year Sejm, anticlerical tendencies intensified. The Authorities of the Four-Year Sejm tried to solve the problem of hospital funds, repeatedly raised in the 18th century (and earlier), but – a.o., due to the resistance of some clergymen - they managed to gather only some information from hospital managers. The activities of the authorities with regard to the hospitals tentatively aimed at their medicalisation, whereas the Church, in its mainstream, adhered to inalterability of social care and opposed any interference or change.

6

Reformy w polityce oświatowej na przykładzie nadzoru pedagogicznego

100%

Jastrzębska K., Klama A., Kostrubała-Brak A., Kuczyńska A.

Zarządzanie Publiczne

|

2011

|

issue 1(13)

25-35

EN

Polish educational system has been in the recent years the playground for incessant reforms and experiments. The purpose of that paper is therefore, to present the changes that took place in the last decade, hence influencing Polish educational policy, in particular pedagogical control. Moreover, the analysis of legislative acts, organizational documents and the literature regarding the area of pedagogical control aim at assessing the effectiveness of such policy.

7

The economic transformation in Hungary – detour or impasse?

100%

Schmidt A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

|

2014

|

issue 2(28)

115-138

EN

The economic transition took place in the Central and Eastern European region almost at the same time. The reasons and the process of economic transition are similar. However, the Hungarian case had a special importance in the change of the regime, as it was followed by a political transformation. The New Economic Mechanism from 1968 brought irreversible changes in macroeconomy and in the attitude towards enterpreneurship. The reforms were stopped because of several reasons. However, the spirit survived. While focusing on the transformation, it is also essential to examine the historical and political background of Hungary to answer the question whether the socialist economy can be can be considered a “detour” or “impasse”. Using the different statistical data about the Hungarian convergency towards the developed Western European region, it can be said that the relative backwardness is rooted in the historical past and apart from the fact that several efforts were carried out in order to reduce or at least to stop the growing differences, these attempts failed partly because of several inappropriate political decisions.

8

Interesy narodowe jako czynnik determinujący reformę wspólnej polityki azylowej Unii Europejskiej

100%

Potyrała A.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2020

|

issue 1 (374)

123-138

EN

Since 2016 within the European Union proposals to reform the common European asylum system have been presented. The migration pressure of 2015 showed that previous provisions had not allowed for a quick and effective response that would meet humanitarian and security challenges. Legal arrangements adopted as a reaction to the migration crisis were of a temporary character and were regarded as controversial by some member states. Therefore, a total remodeling of the common asylum system has been recognized as necessary. The aim of this paper is to prove that despite the fact that the member states acknowledge the validity of the reform of a common asylum policy, prolonged proceedings are caused not by the need to comprehensively protect persons forced to flee and seek protection in third countries, but by the pursuit of protection of interests defined as national interests. Analyses will be conducted on the basis of neorealism, which recognizes states as dominant actors in international relations, who aim to realize their own interests and regard cooperation as reasonable only when it is helpful to achieve these. The fiasco of reforms proves that cooperation within the European Union is treated instrumentally and particular, not common interests are priorities.

9

TRENDS OF PENSION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE

100%

Czepulis-Rutkowska Z.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2016

|

vol. 43

|

issue 1 (12) OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS OUTSIDE EUROPE

2–3

EN

A debate on pension systems and reforms is going on in European countries for recent decades. The important factors affecting the operation of pension systems include: population aging, changes in structure of the economy, labour market activity of women and increase in globalization. The main challenges for pension systems reform are: securing the adequacy of the benefits and the financial sustainability of pension systems. The article is presenting the main trends in reforming pension systems in selected countries, Poland among them.

10

Realizacja porewolucyjnych przemian politycznych na Ukrainie w kontekście perspektywy konsolidacji demokracji

100%

Lesnyak V.

Konteksty Społeczne

|

2016

|

vol. 4

|

issue 2

6-18

EN

The article is an attempt of analysis of democratic consolidation perspectives in Ukraine under conditions of political changes realization after the Orange Revolution and after the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention is paid to the problems that limit democratization and modernization of Ukrainian political system. The state of democracy development in post-revolutionary conditions is compared. Prospects of consolidated democracy development in Ukraine are determined.

11

Wpływ procedury współdecydowania na wyniki reformy wspólnej polityki rolnej Unii Europejskiej na lata 2014-2020

100%

Kosior K.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

|

2015

|

issue 6(37)

299-320

EN

The article attempts to assess the impact of co‑decision procedure (ordinary legislative procedure) on the shape of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform for the period 2014‑2020. First, procedural models used in the analysis of decision‑making in the European Union are discussed. The second part of the article highlights the process and the results of recent reforms of the CAP. Legislative proposals of the European Commission and the negotiations between the EU Council, the European Parliament and the Commission concerning the CAP after 2013 are analyzed. The final part of the article evaluates the CAP reform from the perspective of procedural models. The analysis indicates that the new decision‑making procedure has not fundamentally affected the results of the reform. The European Parliament’s role in the process of reforming the CAP has been limited both due to inadequate institutional preparation and insufficient expertise in agricultural policy matters. In some areas, the results achieved under the co‑decision procedure were closer to the status quo point than the results predicted by the model of consultation procedure. The inclusion of the European Parliament to the decision‑making process has not broadened the range of represented interests. On the contrary, one could observe an increased dominance of agricultural interest groups in the decision‑making process. In conclusion, the introduction of co‑decision procedure has not increased the chances for a fundamental reform in the CAP. Also, it has not strengthened the democratic legitimacy of the policy.

12

Different forms of education

88%

Gluchmanova M.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2015

|

issue 3(18)

129-132

EN

The paper consists of the valuable information concerning democracy and value in many educational reforms in different level of educational institutions from primary, higher to the universities.

13

Reorganizacja parlamentaryzmu greckiego po 1911 roku

88%

Ploumidis S. G.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2019

|

issue 1(150)

211–223

EN

Greece’s defeat in the war with Turkey in 1897 resulted in submitting the state’s finances to the control by an international committee and provoked the necessity to introduce systemic reforms. The role of the father of modernization was vested in the new Prime Minister, Alexandros Zaimis, who on 29 October 1898 submitted to King George an extensive memorandum specifying the directions of essential reforms, indispensable to stabilize the country’s situation. The main goal was to “rebuild the state and the country”, and the means to achieve it was a fundamental modernization in such spheres as organization of the state, administration of justice, fiscal system, as well as education and social welfare. The main achievement of the modernization policy was the passing of the Constitution (27 May 1911), amending the fundamental law of 1864. The Constitution mainly improved the lawmaking process and until Greece joined the Second World War, it had been the basic point of reference in systemic issues.

14

Etatyzm na przykładzie austriackiego józefinizmu w epoce Oświecenia

75%

Przedpełski B.

Rocznik Teologiczny

|

2013

|

vol. 55

|

issue 1-2

161-184

EN

The subject matter of the article is an intra-Catholic anti-Roman movement of statist nature, known as Josephinism. The movement spread throughout Austrian crown lands (Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, Banat, Bohemia, Slovakia, Galicia, Lodomeria, southern Netherlands, Croatia and Tuscany). Josephinism had its rise under the influence of enlightened absolutism, and Gallican and Febronian ideas. It started in the 1750s during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa (1740-1780), reached full development during the reign of Emperor Joseph II (1780-1790), and formally ended in 1855 by the conclusion of the Concordat between Austria and the Church State. The Josephinist system claimed and implemented the State supremacy over the Church in administrative and financial matters. By state government’s decrees numerous monasteries and fraternities were dissolved, organising pilgrimages was limited, and bishops’ direct communication with Rome was prohibited. At the same time the number of parishes was increased and a new ecclesiastical order of services was introduced. Joseph’s II great contribution was issuing the Edict of Tolerance in 1781, which granted freedom of religion and worship to the members of Evangelical Lutheran Church, Evangelical Reformed Church, the Orthodox Church, and the Mosaic faith. Owing to the support of Peter Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, brother of Emperor Joseph II, in 1786 a diocesan synod was held in Pistoia (Tuscany), which postulated reforming the Mass, strengthening the authority of bishops and restoring papal primacy of honour in the Church. In 1794 its provisions were condemned by Pope Pius VI (1775-1799) in the bull Auctorem fidei.

PL

Tematem artykułu jest wewnatrzkatolicki ruch antyrzymski o charakterze etatystycznym, znany pod nazwą józefinizmu. Objął on swym zasięgiem kraje korony austriackiej (Austria, Węgry, Siedmiogród, Banat, Czechy, Słowacja, Galicja, Lodomeria, południowe Niderlandy, Chorwacja i Toskania). Józefinizm powstał pod wpływem oświeconego absolutyzmu oraz idei gallikańskich i febroniańskich. Rozpoczął się w latach 50. XVIII wieku za rządów cesarzowej Marii Teresy (1740-1780), pełny rozwój osiągnął za rządów cesarza Józefa II (1780-1790), a formalnie zakończył się w 1855 roku przez zawarcie konkordatu między Austrią a Państwem Kościelnym. System józefiński głosił i realizował zwierzchnictwo państwa nad Kościołem w sprawach administracyjnych i majątkowych. W wyniku zarządzeń władz państwowych zlikwidowano wiele klasztorów i bractw, ograniczono organizowanie pielgrzymek oraz zakazano bezpośrednich kontaktów biskupów z Rzymem. Jednocześnie zwiększono liczbę parafii i wprowadzono nowy porządek nabożeństw. Zasługą Józefa II było ogłoszenie w 1781 roku Edyktu tolerancyjnego, który przyznał wiernym Kościoła Ewangelicko-Luterańskiego, Kościoła Ewangelicko-Reformowanego, Kościoła Prawosławnego i Religii Mojżeszowej wolność wyznania i kultu religijnego. Dzięki poparciu Piotra Leopolda, wielkiego księcia Toskanii, brata cesarza Józefa II, w 1786 roku w Pistoi (Toskania) odbył się synod diecezjalny, który postulował reformę Mszy Świętej, wzmocnienie władzy biskupów i przywrócenie w Kościele prymatu honorowego papieża. Jego postanowienia w 1794 roku zostały potępione przez papieża Piusa VI (1775-1799) w bulli Auctorem fidei.

15

Agrarian Transformations in the Countries of EU: Experience for Ukraine

75%

Anatoliyovych Vazhynsky F., Ivanovych Zhovtanetsky V.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 34

418-427

EN

The purpose of the article is the study of foreign experience of agricultural economics in the EU and its possible use in Ukraine. Study of foreign experience as in the plan of exposure of general lines, so in the plan of selec-tion of features, dictated by national or regional features, has the defined value for generalization of experience, exposure of tendencies and conformities to law, making of principles and steps of domestic agrarian reform and agrarian policy.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza doświadczeń krajów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie transformacji rolnictwa i możliwości ich wykorzystania na Ukrainie. Badanie tych doświadczeń zagranicznych, zarówno w zakresie określenia cech wspólnych, jak i odmiennych, ma pewną wartość dla opracowywania wzorców i trendów, zasad dla narodowej reformy agrarnej i polityki rolnej.

16

Doświadczenia z reform fiskalnych w okresie tworzenia Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej

75%

Gajewski P.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2011

|

vol. 245

|

issue 1-2

43-62

EN

The author analyzes the experience of fiscal reforms carried out in the European Union after the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. The treaty provides for what are called convergence criteria for countries aspiring to join the eurozone. After the treaty was signed a period of fiscal adjustments began in Europe. In the following years, individual countries pursued different strategies and attained different results in the process. The article aspires to be a source of information for those seeking to develop an optimal reform strategy for Poland-now that the Polish government has clearly stated that Poland should become part of the euro zone in the future. Using statistical data, Gajewski discusses how the convergence criteria adopted in the Maastricht Treaty (reference values for the deficit and public debt) influence fiscal policy in terms of the effectiveness of the strategy for adjusting government revenue and expenditure. It turns out that the fiscal convergence criterion could increase the pro-cyclical aspect of fiscal policy in the period directly preceding the launch of the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union and in the first few years of the system’s functioning, Gajewski says. His research confirms earlier findings that effectively bringing down the deficit below the reference level requires focusing one’s efforts on the expenditure rather than revenue side of the budget. This may be because limiting expenditure calls for more comprehensive reforms covering structural changes and increased effectiveness of available resources. According to Gajewski, countries that have met the fiscal criterion by limiting expenditure generally took longer to meet this criterion and had a higher budget balance on average, during the period of the eurozone’s functioning, than countries that focused their strategies on the revenue side of the budget and stopgap measures. The author concludesthat the adopted strategy for public finance consolidation had far-reaching consequences for the competitiveness of individual countries and may have been one of the main causes behind the crisis, which hit the eurozone in 2008.

17

Narodowa myśl w działalności Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

75%

Jasińska B.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

|

2014

|

issue 2(8)

49-54

EN

This article provides a short presentation of the activities of the National Education Committee on the plane of Polish educational spheres in the years 1773-1794. Providing an overview of the main directions for reform of the educational institution, the author tries to answer the question whether the decision on the appointment of the Committee was right. The aim of the study was to show the national idea underpinning the National Education Committee. The result of the Committee’s activities was to educate active citizens, who have developed national consciousness and respect for the Polish language. Under the influence of the Committee took place fundamental changes in the structure and profile of the program Polish school. Committee should be regarded as a progressive institution which gave the rank of the Polish language in education, and her ideas are relevant today.

18

Reformní vize v ruském politickém myšlení druhé poloviny 18. a počátku 19. století

75%

Vlček R.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

|

2015

|

vol. 101

|

issue 2

259- 292

EN

This contribution discusses reform visions advanced by significant personalities of Russian political events in the second half of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries as an organic part of the development of Russian political thought. The purpose is to set the liberalizing reforms of Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky within a wider context, primarily focusing on the development of the political opinions of significant personalities in the Russian Empire of the second half of the 18th century. It indicates where ideas had actually arisen about the necessity of reforming the hidebound Russian political system. This study is only concerned with the so-called official thinking, and refrains from discussion of the opposition and period manifestations of dissatisfaction with the tsarist autocracy. The central figures of this interpretation are: Tsarevna-Empress Catherine II, Count Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov, Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin, prose writer Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Bezborodko, and Count Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky. The essay’s goal is to furnish proof for the thesis about the continuity of Russian political thought and reform visions for the modernization of the Russian state and of a society governed by these ideas that would not interfere with the essence of a tsarist autocracy governed by the monarch’s will. This study is based upon analysis of source materials, and period and secondary literature.

19

AYOTZINAPA, GUERRERO: IMAGE OF THE CORRUPTION AND IMPUNITY IN MEXICO

75%

Shubich Green Y., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

|

2015

|

issue 1 (7)

PL

Following the case of the disappearance of the 43 Ayotzinapa students, the Pandora’s Box was opened: pits filled with bodies, corruption, impunity and institutional weakness of a state where politicians, police and authorities at all three government levels have been infiltrated by the organized crime. In Mexico, corruption and drug trafficking are common and the economic reforms are not enough if they do not go together with an effective program of combating corruption and the society is not the main beneficiary of the reforms.This article will explain the background of the Ayotzinapa case, the characteristics of the Mexican political system that allow cases like Ayotzinapa, the consequences of the fight against organized crime launched by ex-President Felipe Calderon, the behavior of a sleeping civil society tired of the reduced economic results and where the state does not have the monopoly of the authority and does not guarantee security.

20

Reforms to the Israeli income tax

75%

Tzarfati B.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

|

2022

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

7-22

EN

Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax-perceived as progressive tax-is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.

Refine search results