Research background: The positive relationship between the availability of intellectual capital and the ability of the state, region or firm to develop economically stimulates an increase in the intellectual capital. In order to manage intellectual capital, it is necessary to have a clear idea of its availability, capacity, features, growth reserves, as well as concentration in certain territories and ability to spread. Many studies are devoted to the measurement of intellectual capital, its diffusion and impact on the economic efficiency of the organization, region, and nation. However, in the case of the Russian Federation there is a gap in the study of the spread of intellectual capital over the country. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to evaluate intellectual capital in the federal districts of the Russian Federation and to model the spread of intellectual capital. Methods: Data on 8 Russian federal districts for the 2017 year from Unified Inter-departmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS) of the Russian Federation were taken as a basis for the research. Based on three-component model (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital), we formed a set of indicators for assessing regional intellectual capital, relevant to the Russian Federation. This allowed us to evaluate the integrated indicators of intellectual capital in federal districts and to determine the probability of intellectual capital spreading from each federal district to neighboring federal districts. We used percolation theory methods to model the spread of intellectual capital. Findings & Value added: The study contributes to the Russian regional knowledge on intellectual capital. Intellectual capital in the Russian Federation is disproportionately distributed, concentrating closer to the capital, and has a lower level in remote territories. It spreads unevenly, flowing from the Central Federal District to neighboring federal districts, however, other federal districts develop almost in isolation.
The main purpose of this article is to identify the cause-effect relationships between intellectual capital of the Polish regions and their competitive position. This study applies PLS-PM method. The obtained results confirmed that intellectual capital is an important factor of regional competitiveness. The greatest impact on the competitive position of the Polish regions in 2019 turned out to be activity capital and knowledge capital, which affected image capital. Image capital could explain competitive position of the Polish regions do the tune of 88,1% (R2 = 0,881). The research confirmed that the highest level of intellectual capital has the Mazowieckie, which is the most competitive Polish region among other. Finally, the conducted research showed that the components of intellectual capital of the Polish regions identified as important factors of regional competitiveness in 2019 were also important factors of competitiveness in the three preceding years (2016, 2017, 2018) and in 2020.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza zależności przyczynowo-skutkowych zachodzących pomiędzy komponentami kapitału intelektualnego województw a ich pozycją konkurencyjną. W tym celu zastosowano metodę PLS-PM. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły, że kapitał intelektualny jest istotnym czynnikiem konkurencyjności województw. Największy wpływ na pozycję konkurencyjną województw w 2019 roku miały kapitał osobowościowy i kapitał wiedzy, które istotnie wpływały na poprawę kapitału wizerunku województw. Kapitał wizerunku wyjaśnił ostatecznie ponad 88% zmienności pozycji konkurencyjnej województw. Badania potwierdziły, że największy poziom kapitału intelektualnego ma województwo mazowieckie, które zajmuje także najwyższą pozycję konkurencyjną. Ponadto przeprowadzone badanie pokazało, że komponenty kapitału intelektualnego zidentyfikowane jako istotne czynniki konkurencyjności województw w 2019 roku były również istotnymi czynnikami konkurencyjności w każdym z trzech wcześniejszych lat (2016, 2017, 2018) oraz w roku 2020.
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