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EN
The aim of this article is to present the limitations of the possibilities of developing Italian federalism, resulting from both systemic and doctrinal conditions, as well as historical and socio-cultural ones. While the significant amendment of Title V of the Constitution of the Italian Republic in 2001 might indeed have heralded a further development in this direction, other relevant factors of Italian statehood did not favour it. Leaving aside the very issue of the limitations of the political system (understandable in the context of the historical and doctrinal choices of Italian statehood), which nevertheless ultimately deviates from federal solutions, it is necessary to mention above all the weaker – and less recognisable – position of the regions as potential components of federal-type sovereignty and the economic disparities between North and South, which are too large and too risky from a federalist perspective.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony zróżnicowanym formom ustrojowym samorządu terytorialnego funkcjonującego w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Zaprezentowano w nim cechy charakterystyczne tych jednostek administracyjnych, które są jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego. Przedstawiono także propozycję podziału różnych systemów samorządu terytorialnego funkcjonujących na terenie UE. Podział ten opiera się na kryterium stopnia decentralizacji władzy publicznej przez samorząd terytorialny. Omówiono także organizację samorządu terytorialnego w państwie unitarnym na przykładzie Francji, w państwie regionalnym na przykładzie Hiszpanii i w państwie federalnym na przykładzie Niemiec. Artykuł podsumowuje propozycja typologii państw innych niż jednolite państwo unitarne czyli państwa regionalnego i federalnego.
EN
The article is devoted to diversified systems forms of the local government functioning in the European Union states. There are presented in it the characteristic features of those administrative units which are the local government units. Th e author also presented the proposal to divide various systems of local government functioning in the EU area. The division is based on the criterion of the degree of decentralisation of public authorities by the local self-government. He also discussed the organisation of local government in the unitary state on the example of France, in the regional state on the example of Spain, and in the federal state on the example of Germany. The article is summed up with a proposal of the typology of other states than the uniform unitary state, i.e. the regional and federal state.
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