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EN
The paper concerns the reasons for the diminishing number of the so called pit traces. The origins and most probable sources of these pits were referred to in short. Views of scholars who noticed and described this problem were cited on the basis of specialized literature. Factors leading to pit traces’ disappearance were named. In the concluding remarks attention was paid to the need to protect such artifacts which may bear witness to some old practices which might still be unknown to us.
PL
Prezentowany tekst porusza kwestię zmniejszania się liczby tzw. śladów dołkowych. Przytoczono w nim skrótowo genezę owych dołków, wskazując na najbardziej prawdopodobne źródła ich powstania. Opierając się na literaturze przedmiotu, przywołano opinie badaczy, którzy zauważyli i odnotowali poruszany w tytule artykułu problem. Na ich podstawie omówione zostały czynniki prowadzące do zanikania dołków. W konkluzji zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę ochrony rzeczonych artefaktów, mogących wskazywać na istnienie w przeszłości nieznanej nam praktyki.
PL
Artykuł zawiera omówienie pięciu tzw. mszy polskich pochodzących ze Zbioru pieśni nabożnych katolickich do użytku kościelnego i domowego autorstwa ks. Szczepana Kellera, opublikowanego w Pelplinie w 1871 roku. Mianem mszy polskich zwykło określać się ułożone specjalnie w języku ojczystym pieśni mszalne wykonywane podczas liturgii w miejsce łacińskich śpiewów ordinarium i proprium missae. Pieśni te odgrywały istotną rolę – z jednej strony – w zachowaniu języka swych ojców w czasach, gdy Polski nie było na mapie Europy, z drugiej zaś – stały się doskonałą formą katechizacji i ugruntowania podstawowych prawd wiary katolickiej.
EN
The following article contains the review of the five so-called Polish Masses from the Collection of Catholic Songs of Piety for Ecclesiastical and Domestic Use by Szczepan Keller, published in Pelplin in 1871. The term Polish Mass is usually used to denote Mass hymns which were specially arranged in the native language and performed during the liturgy as a suitable replacement of Latin Proper chants of the Mass and Ordinary chants of the Mass (ordinarium and proprium missae). The hymns played a signicant role serving, on one hand, as preservation of Polish language as the mother tongue in times where independent Polish state was erased from European maps; on the other hand, performing the role of catechization and consolidation of the Truths of Faith.
EN
The subject of the article is religiousness of the Polish nobleman in the light of the published 17th century funeral sermons. In the ideal model created by sermons this religiousness had a few aspects. The first one was offering testimony to the truth of the Catholic religion, which was connected with an inevitable attack against Protestants, especially in the first half of the 17th century. Next, the role of the ethos of the Christian knight was emphasized. Funeral preachers attached great significance, probably also under the influence of the families of the deceased, to offerings to the Church as well as to alms for the faithful. These were reasonable in the process of building the position of the nobleman's family in the local community and in the Republic. The published funeral sermons devoted relatively little space to private religiousness, in this respect focusing on the preparation for good death, according to the principles that had been worked out in the 15th century, and made popular again in the post-Trent epoch. The texts of the sermons were both occasional religious works and a medium that had an impact on the public opinion.
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