Search results - CEJSH

1

Sekularyzacja czy może pluralizm i indywidualizacja? Rozważania o charakterze religijności Polaków (na przykładzie badań)

100%

Mazurek M.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2019

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issue 3/273

EN

The religiosity of Poles has been undergoing a far-reaching transformation for several years. All the research shows that less than half of the Polish society could be described as “the believers – practitioners”. The vast majority of Poles are people whose faith has individualized and is not strongly associated with the institution of the Catholic Church. In addition – as indicated by the described research – the moral assessment of another person is not related to the fact of his religiousness. The people live – to use Weber’s terms – in the disenchanted world in which they do not need clerics as interpreters of the reality.

2

Religijność mieszkańców Śląska Cieszyńskiego w ujęciu statystycznym

94%

Żebrok P.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

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2021

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vol. 52

211-227

EN

In recent years Poland has been undergoing rapid socio-cultural changes. Along with these changes one can observe a systematic decline in the importance of religious life. This leads to reflection on the direction and depth of transformations, and consequently on the place of religion in the life of future generations. The study attempts to statistically present the religious situation of the inhabitants of Cieszyn Silesia. This is a very specific region mainly due to the diversity of confessions. Historical conditions, as well as the current religious structure make this subject difficult to study, but at the same time very interesting. For a more complete picture, the data from the beginning of the 20th century, as well as from the present day, were used.

3

The Interplay between post–critical beliefs and self–consciousness

94%

Śliwak J., Zarzycka B.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2012

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vol. 43

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issue 3

173-182

EN

D. Wulff (1991) developed a notion of post–critical beliefs as a proposal for the description of religion in the light of the progress of secularization and socio–cultural changes. According to his theory, we can situate(place) potential attitudes toward religion in a two–dimensional space. The vertical dimension stands for Inclusion vs. Exclusion of Transcendence, and the horizontal one—for the way an individual interprets religious content: Literal vs. Symbolic. In this way, the two dimensions determine four quadrants, each reflecting a potential attitude towards religion, operationalized by D. Hutsebaut (1996) in the Post–Critical Belief Scale (PCBS) as: Orthodoxy, External Critique, Relativism and Second Naiveté. The research presented in this paper is our attempt at fi n ding an answer to the question whether the religious attitudes determined by Wulff are related to self–consciousness types. We tested 159 adult individuals by means of the PCBS scale by D. Hutsebaut and the Self–consciousness scale (O–Z scale) by Z. Zaborowski and Z. Oleszkiewicz. The results of these tests are that the refl ective type of self–consciousness correlated positively with Orthodoxy and Second Naiveté and negatively with External Critique and Relativism.

4

The Polish adaptation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Factorial structure and psychometric properties

94%

Zarzycka B., Ciszek P., Rykowska K.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 3

255-278

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the theoretical basis and factorial structure of the Polish adaptation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale – RSSS-PL. We present the results of two studies. Study 1 included an exploratory factor analysis, which showed that the Polish adaptation of the RSSS, like the original version, measures six domains of religious or spiritual struggle: divine (negative emotions centered on beliefs about God or perceived relationship with God), demonic (concern that the devil or evil spirits are attacking you or causing negative events), moral (wrestling with attempts to follow moral principles; worry or guilt about perceived offenses by the self), ultimate meaning (concern about not perceiving deep meaning in one’s life), interpersonal (concern about negative experiences with religious people or institutions; interpersonal conflict around religious issues), and doubt (feeling troubled by doubts or questions about one’s r / s beliefs). In Study 2, we confirmed the six-factor structure of the Polish adaptation of the RSSS using the confirmatory factor analysis. The RSSS-PL subscales had high reliability indices and high validity in relation to measures of religiousness and stress. This method has acceptable psychometric properties and may serve as a valuable tool in studies on religion as a source of struggles.

5

Religijność młodzieży i jej rodzinne uwarunkowania – raport z badań

94%

Pietruszka L.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2021

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vol. 19

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issue 1

81-96

EN

The religiosity of Polish youth is an important issue that deserves special attention. This fact is confirmed by the observation of new contemporary religious behaviours. The author set herself the goal of examining the level of religiosity among young people and learning how they assess the role of the family in shaping it. To do this, young people were studied for expressed declarative indicators: attitudes towards God, faith and the religious practices they engage in. The assumed goal is achieved and the answer to the questions that were formulated is included in the process of argumentation, which consists of introducing the problem through the analysis of religiosity and its structure, and then an analysis of the author’s own research indicating family determinants of the development of youth religiosity. Its results are similar to those of nationwide research indicating that it is the family, as the closest educational environment of young people, that has the greatest impact on their attitude to faith: it shapes the nature of religiosity, teaches observance of values and is responsible for the frequency of religious practices.

6

Výzkum copingových strategií mužů a žen na pozadí nábožensko-spirituálních postojů

94%

Kubicová A.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2010

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vol. 1

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issue 2

121-133

EN

This paper reports on the results of a pilot study focusing on research into coping strategies against the background of attitudes to faith, spirituality and religion. The aim of the study was to verify the possibilities for measuring coping strategies on a general level; the author also discusses specific categories of spiritual coping. The paper outlines theoretical and methodological starting points and presents interim results gained using the NEO-FFI inventory, the SVF 78 coping strategies questionnaire, and the RCOPE questionnaire. A gender-based approach was applied to the data analysis.

7

Paradox "opia lidu". Náboženství a (ne)spokojenost v současné české společnosti

94%

R. Nešpor Z.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2013

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vol. 100

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issue 4

409-425

EN

The article focuses on the relationship of religionisity and subjective satisfaction, a problem that has recently become one of the topical themes of social sciences. The author on the one hand presents the great expectations that the society (even non-religious) puts in the "satisfactory" role of religion, and on the other hand their factual unfulfillment, or better to say the minimum real influence of (non-)religiosity upon the subjective contentment.

8

Sociálne a religiózne koreláty zmysluplnosti života u ľudí v staršom veku

94%

Halama P., Semancová S.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

|

2014

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vol. 8

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issue 2

1-10

EN

The study focused on the social and religious correlates of life meaningfulness in elderly people. 180 respondents were administered Life Meaningfulness Scale, Social Support Survey MOS, Swedish Religious Orientation Scale and Religious Salience Scale. Besides these, demographic data related to the type of respondents’ household were collected. The results showed that social support and type of household significantly related to life meaningfulness, and direction of the relationships suggested that social relationships were important source of life meaningfulness. On the other hand, religiosity did not show clear relations with meaningfulness, because extrinsic religiosity had only weak negative relationship with meaningfulness and intrinsic religiosity and religious salience did not correlate with meaningfulness. Analysis of moderation effect of gender and type of household on the relationship between life meaningfulness and religiosity showed that intrinsic religiosity had positive relationship only in males and this relationship is higher if respondent lived in the household with relatives.

SK

Štúdia sa zameriava na sociálne a religiózne koreláty zmysluplnosti života u ľudí v staršom veku. 180 respondentom vo veku od 65 do 75 rokov boli administrované Škála životnej zmysluplnosti, Dotazník sociálnej opory MOS, Švédska škála náboženskej orientácie a Škála náboženskej významnosti. Okrem toho boli zisťované demografické údaje o type domácnosti, v ktorej respondenti žijú. Výsledky ukázali, že sociálna opora aj typ domácnosti významne súvisia so životnou zmysluplnosťou, pričom smer vzťahu naznačuje, že sociálne vzťahy sú dôležitým zdrojom životnej zmysluplnosti. Na druhej strane, pri religiozite sa neukázali jednoznačné vzťahy, vonkajšková religiozita korelovala so zmysluplnosťou slabo negatívne, zvnútornená religiozita a významnosť religiozity so zmysluplnosťou nekorelovali vôbec. Analýza moderačného efektu rodu a typu domácnosti na vzťah medzi životnou zmysluplnosťou a religiozitou ukázala, že zvnútornená religiozita pozitívne súvisí so zmysluplnosťou iba u mužov, a tento vzťah je intenzívnejší keď muž býva v domácnosti s príbuznými.

9

Doświadczenia religijne osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną

94%

Zasępa E.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2022

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issue 23

37-50

EN

According to the socio-ecological model, intellectual disability is a multidimensional state of human existence, which is considered in relation to the requirements of the environment. One of the factors of this model, is the context, indicates that the functioning of a person with a disability is influenced by many internal characteristics of the person and their environment. They also include the spiritual and religious experiences of a person with intellectual disability. This article will discuss issues related to the religiosity of this group of people as important for their functioning. It includes a meta-analysis of the results of research on this issue. The cognitive, emotional-motivational and behavioral components of the religious attitude will be presented. These issues are relatively rarely discussed in the literature on the subject. The analysis of the literature on the subject shows that religiosity is of great importance for the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities. Religious experiences (emotional component) and religious practices (behavioral component) are of particular importance to them.

PL

Zgodnie z modelem społeczno-ekologicznym niepełnosprawność intelektualna jest wielowymiarowym stanem ludzkiej egzystencji, który rozpatruje się w relacji do wymogów środowiska. Jeden z czynników tego modelu, tj. kontekst, wskazuje na to, iż na funkcjonowanie osoby z niepełnosprawnością wpływa wiele właściwości wewnętrznych osoby oraz jej otoczenia. Do nich należą też doświadczenia duchowe i doświadczenia religijne osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. W artykule tym będą omawiane kwestie związane z religijnością tej grupy osób jako istotne dla ich funkcjonowania. Dokonana w nim została metaanaliza wyników badań dotyczących tego zagadnienia. Przedstawiony będzie komponent poznawczy, emocjonalno-motywacyjny oraz behawioralny postawy religijnej. Zagadnienia te są stosunkowo rzadko poruszane w literaturze przedmiotu. Analiza literatury przedmiotu wskazuje na to, iż religijność ma duże znaczenie dla funkcjonowania osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Szczególnie ważne są dla nich doświadczenia religijne (komponent emocjonalny) oraz praktyki religijne (komponent behawioralny).

10

Dimensions of Religiosity and the Perception of the Importance of Religion in Everyday Life and Politics

94%

Jankowski M.

Political Preferences

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2022

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vol. 30

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issue 2

31-43

EN

The Catholic religion has been inextricably connected with the Polish state through numerous historical experiences. Being an important aspect of connecting society, it can be used in an instrumental way on the political agenda. Moreover, religiousness is an important determinant of electoral decisions. The aim of the research (N=238) is to check whether religiosity affects the perception of the importance of religious principles in everyday life and religion in political life. In the presented approach, religiosity was a multidimensional variable and was conceptualized using a modified five-point Religiosity Centrality Scale (Huber 2003). It was confirmed that all dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to the assessment of the importance of religious principles. The dimension that showed the strongest correlation with the created variables was the dimension of religious cult, and the dimension that correlated the least was the dimension of reading the Catholic press.

11

Love of money, gender, religiosity: The impact on ethical perceptions of future professional accountants

94%

Ietje N., Rezki S. B., Rahmanda Y.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2018

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vol. Volume 14

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issue Issue 2

424-436

EN

Accountants are either directly or indirectly partly responsible for corporate frauds, so it is important to know the underlying reasons why such unethical behavior occurred. This study aims to analyze the moderation impact of religiosity and gender on the relation between love of money with student’s ethical perception. There were 144 questionnaires from accounting students. As hypothesized, the results of the study revealed love of money have a negative impact to student’s ethical perception. The interaction between intrinsic religiosity and love of money are able to weaken the negative effect of love of money to student’s ethical perception, however the extrinsic religiosity is vice versa. Gender has no significant effect on love of money relationship with ethical perception.

12

Kategoria duchowości - ślady obecności w tekstach J.J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozziego i J.F. Herbarta

94%

Znaniecka M.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2015

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issue 3(109)

72-91

EN

This article provides an analysis of the category of spirituality found in the texts of classical pedagogues such as: J.J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozzi and J.F. Herbart. Spirituality appears in these texts in the sense of morality and its varieties such as the heart, the inner life, but also the mental horizon. This way of understanding spirituality traditionally has belonged to religious context and is particularly visible in herbartian pedagogy. In the texts of Rousseau and Pestalozzi there is a belief that institutionalized religion called to be representative of morality is not fulfilling its role properly. Therefore, they establish the higher instance of religion - noninstitutional, personal, internal, involving an independent search for meaning in life. What attracts particular attention is the fact that despite the high rank given to the thread of morality/spirituality by presented here authors, this issue remains the “fuzzy” concept and lacks of detailed indications as to the ways of its implementation. This ambiguity, which operates poetic language and the lack of specific references of a practical nature, seems to be one of the causes acting on behalf of the exclusion of spirituality from the educational impact. This analysis is the first stage of the theoretical description of spirituality, which in the field of pedagogy is very fragmented, ambiguous, and thus difficult to undergo pedagogical reflection. It is also a step towards “disenchantment” of the analyzed category, by which I mean the process of rational and critical overview of spirituality; this in turn paves the way for realizing the sense that I find in making the category of spirituality useful for pedagogy: undergoing reflection and being translated into educational practice.

13

Specifics of religiocity and temporal perspectives by Philip Zimbardo and John Boyd.

94%

Kłakulak-Torba W.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2017

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vol. 54(12)

165-181

EN

Religiocity, being an immanent part of an individual’s personality, influences numerous aspects of psychological functioning. One of them is a temporal dimension of human existence. Being a member of a religious community in times of growing secularity encourages a reflection on motivation and specifics of religiosity of people engaged. The aim of current work is to verify the relationship between religiosity and temporal perspectives and to characterize the religiosity of young Catholics belonging to the three most popular in Poland religious communities. There were 172 participants. They filled in a questionnaire „Your religiosity”, measuring religious orientations or a „Religion Centralism” scale, which describes religion in five dimensions. Every participant also filled in a time perspective questionnaire. The analysis revealed a negative correlation between past-negative tmeporal perspective and religious engagement. An unexpected result was a positive correlation between a social aspect of religious orientation and transcendental future. Additionally, religion centralism correlated negatively with a deviant factor of temporal perspective balance. Based on the obtained results it can be suggested that among all temporal perspectives, the qualitative interpretation of one’s own past has the biggest influence on religious engagement. Another conclusion is that an important factor of religious activity is a possibility of meeting affiliation needs. Conducted analysis also allowed conclusions on the specifics of the religiosity of young Catholics.

14

Sonda do religiozity členů Římskokatolické církve a Českobratrské církve evangelické na Rusavě a jejich vzájemných vztahů

94%

Nečacká K.

Národopisný věstník

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2024

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vol. 41_(83)

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issue 1

70-81

EN

The study deals with the religiosity of members of the Roman-Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren in Rusava, the westernmost village in Wallachia, where most inhabitants professed to be Protestants in the past. Currently, most of the inhabitants are irreligious, and the local Catholics outnumber the Protestants. The research was based on a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The research shows that tradition is very important for the members of the two churches studied – they inherited their faith from their parents, they were brought up in it from an early age, and never converted. Overall, Rusava Catholics are more active than local Protestants. Relations between members of the two churches are positive, which is mainly attributable to some priests and annual ecumenical gatherings.

15

Challenges for Religious Education at School in the Opinion of Religion Teachers

94%

Mąkosa P.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2022

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vol. 69

|

issue 11 English Version

5-25

EN

Challenges to the teaching of religion are analysed from different perspectives and in different aspects. In the diagnosis of problems, one of the most important factors is the opinion of religion teachers who confront these challenges directly and on a daily basis. This article is an analysis of the results of a survey of religion teachers in this context. Challenges from the students, from the parents, from the institutional Church, from the school and challenges from the parish are discussed. Among the most serious challenges is the lack of faith of the pupils and the lack of need for faith development were identified. The research shows that the strongest correlate of attitudes towards Religious Education at school is religious indifference and waning religiosity.

16

Religious or Spiritual? Empirical Manifestations of Contemporary Changes in Poles’ Self-Declarations and Media Representations

84%

Szymczak W., Szulich-Kałuża J.

Verbum Vitae

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2022

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vol. 40

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issue 4

813-842

EN

This paper comprises part of the current research on the phenomenon of new spirituality, conducted within the sociology of religion and social communication and media sciences. It aims to analyze selected manifestations of the new spirituality entering into the religious sphere of a religiously homogeneous society based on the example of Poland. A complementary application of quantitative and qualitative methods was proposed. The subject of the analysis is the results of a representative survey in which Poles define themselves in terms of religiosity and spirituality, with examples of their search for content on a new spirituality through online resources using the assumptions of the theory of social representations. The above concept resulted in the bipartite structure of the main part of the article. It was preceded by a theoretical introduction synthetically presenting phenomena identified as key features of new spirituality and ended with a discussion of the results and conclusions. The analyses indicate that, in Polish society, the category of phenomena and processes classified as new spirituality is distinguishable but complex and diverse. In the subsequent stages of the analysis, their socio-demographic determinants were shown, and then the media representations of the new spirituality were identified, categorized, and put into typologies.

17

Religijność młodzieży w Europie – perspektywa socjologiczna. Kontynuacje

84%

Stachowska E.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

|

2019

|

issue 3/273

EN

The changes taking place in our times in the religious sphere can be simply presented as occurring between secularization and desecularization. The former trend is especially visible in Western Europe, where it is characteristically and clearly making its presence felt, thus becoming a specific emblem on the religious map of the world. The latter tendency also appears in the Old Continent, but on a much smaller scale and with limited impact. In this article religiousness among young people in chosen European countries will be demonstrated, as well as an attempt will be made to answer the question whether and to what extent the religious changes occur in these societies. Furthermore, there will be an attempt made to define whether they form part of either the secularizational or desecularizational trends. The data of the European Social Survey from Round 1 (2002) and Round 2 (2016) will provide the basis for the analyses, which will make it possible to show the appearing religious changes and the directions of their transformations in the course of almost one and a half decade.

18

Outsider vs insider: Does firm governance matter?

83%

Abdullahi Y. U., Ishak R., Sawandi N.

Business and Economic Horizons

|

2018

|

vol. Volume 14

|

issue Issue 3

689-699

EN

As CEO turnover occurs, the company may select an insider or outsider as a successor. This study attempts to ascertain whether firm performance, female directors, board religiosity and blockholder ownership influence the decision to appoint an internal or external candidate. Results from logistic regression analysis on 72 succession events over a five-year period (2011 to 2015) reveal that firms which are controlled by blockholders and those with females on their boards tend to select an outsider as the successor. Meanwhile, firms that have Muslims on their boards are more likely to select insiders as successors. This study implies that poor firm performance does not necessarily lead to outside CEO selection choice. On the overall, the findings indicate that blockholder ownership and gender diversity in the boardroom matter in the Nigerian corporate landscape.

19

Prayer and its Functions in Narratives. Based on Projective Method of Research (Religious Apperception Test). The Results of the Projective Study

83%

Grudzińska Z.

Studia Religiologica

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2012

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vol. 45

|

issue 3

203–213

EN

In religious studies, prayer has been extensively researched. Psychological studies use survey methods, so low-educated respondents often cannot comprehend the items. A projective method is presented, based on the Thematic Apperception Test by A. Murray and Ch. Morgan. Data collected in semi-structured interviews are used for qualitative research and for statistical analysis. Quantitative analysis of the references to prayer in narratives has yielded certain results, confirming the usefulness of the test. Qualitative analysis has revealed specificity of the petition and intercession prayer and has called attention to association of location to specific types of prayer.

20

Religioossed ja spirituaalsed kriisid vaimse tervise valguses

83%

Linnuste I.

Mäetagused

|

2019

|

vol. 75

53-76

EN

In addition to the biological body and psychological and social aspects, humans are spiritual beings. There is much in the world that we are yet unable to explain, but to what human experience reacts, either positively or negatively. This article treats the possible negative interpretations of spiritual experiences that manifest in different crises. Spirituality can be defined in various ways and it can, in turn, be divided into core categories that relate to human spiritual needs. In order to provide help that corresponds to the multidimensional human experience, it is important for health care to consider spiritual crises. Several of the spiritual crises entail good opportunities for personal development and therefore represent, in a hidden form, a potential for treatment and positive dynamics rather than psychopathology. Meanwhile, people outside the health care system would need to acknowledge the mental health problems that accompany spiritual experiences. There is a big risk of romanticizing several paranormal experiences or even mood shifts, which can result in the person not getting the needed help or treatment. Unfortunately, not even religious persons or those active in spiritual practices are immune to mental disorders. A growing interest in different New Age practices, which mix the search for fast spiritual experiences and solutions with several cultural and religious settings, quickly bring the downside of spirituality to the attention of mental health specialists. Spiritual needs are common to human experience and they often arise during illness and treatment. There are several methods for collecting information and spiritual history on the patient’s needs, and sometimes simple questions asked during obtaining the medical history are sufficient to provide the specialist with necessary information that can be considered in developing the treatment plan. Changing the perspective can lead to a completely different understanding of the cause of several illnesses or disorders. As an example, a patient suffering from alcoholism can be seen as a person searching for connection or wholeness with higher forces. Spiritual issues are clinically related to the pathological risk that reminds us of the importance of including mental and existential issues in clinical practice. The religious/spiritual gap may become an obstacle. There is a considerable literature examining whether patients would prefer their physicians to inquire about their religious or spiritual beliefs as part of the routine history taking. Physicians maintain that the foremost reason they cannot provide spiritual care to patients is that they do not have enough time during the medical encounter. The second most common reason given is that they do not have adequate training to provide spiritual care to patients and that such care is better provided by others. Thirdly, physicians express discomfort about engaging in discussions on spirituality and faith with patients. In regard to the psychopathology of mental disorders, there are two basic classifications: the first one was created by the American Psychiatric Association (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM) and the second one was published by the World Health Organisation – WHO (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – ICD). The development of the DSM, in its fourth edition, brought a change into the approach to religion and spirituality in the context of clinical diagnosis. Introducing V-code 62.89 (religious or spiritual problem) has increased the possibility of differential diagnosis between religion/spirituality and health/psychopathology. Unfortunately, there are no such developments in ICD-10. It sets boundaries to dealing with the R/S issues in psychiatry.

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