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EN
The pedagogical practice shows that the subject of Catholic religious education is not very interesting for pupils. However we are convinced that religious education can enrich the life of the human through Information and Communications Technology in the school. The curiosity of pupils tends to the enhancement of the interest in this subject. The experiences show that only talented teacher is able to mediate knowledge and to initiate and to educate within one lesson of religious per weekly at Slovak state school. For this reason, using modern technology helps teacher and pupil in teaching religious education.
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 62, issue 2 (2014). The presented work makes reference to results of research on the ordination of religious clergy by bishops of the dioceses of Gniezno and Płock in the 15th and 16th centuries. The analysis of the contents of the books of pontifical acts of the Kuyavian bishops issued in the first half of the 16th century and the survey of selected books of the Włocławek Consistory permits the identification of more than 100 previously unknown members of the religious clergy originating chiefly from monasteries situated in the area of the Kuyavian Diocese, who received minor or major holy orders from their ordinaries and suffragans.
EN
The analysis is an attempt to confront the preferred places of worship, which wandered blessed Dorothy, with a network of local places of pilgrimage in the Teutonic Order in Prussia. From literature sources and it seems that the latter were by bl. Dorothy underestimated. Dorothy from Mątowy Wielkie is committed to chose a long and dangerous journey to distant shrines. The collected material questions the religious function Malbork chapels at the end of the fourteenth century. It can be assumed that Dorothy deliberately wandered into them, seeing them as a political tool in the hands of officials of the Teutonic Order.
EN
The emphasis on the human person and his dignity was significantly applied in the new regulation of the law of consecrated life, which is dealt with in the new Code of Canon Law of 1983 in integrum compared to the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917. This paper describes only some of the changes in the law of religious institutes in the Latin Church.The first section regards mainly the person who has taken religious vows and focuses on the question of religious vows as the basis of religious life. It also discusses confessors viewed as a necessary tool for the renewal of religious life as well as modifications in the concept of poverty as a very important element of religious life. The second section focuses on the government of religious institutes, discussing the strengthened position of internal superiors over external superiors in religious congregations, the strengthened position of the superior of monasteries of nuns, and the extended powers of superiors on release from a religious institute due to illegitimate absence from a religious house.As this is in some cases a very recent legal regulation, the author does not hesitate to express his critical observations.
EN
This article considers issues pertaining to social insurance for clergy and religious in Poland. More specifically, this article discusses regulations concerning when clergy and religious must enroll in mandatory and/or voluntary retirement, disability, and accident insurance as well as the consequences of not paying the premium when and in the amount it is due. This study also presents the consequences of having more than one insurance title. In practice, these issues raise the most doubts.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań są kwestie dotyczące podlegania ubezpieczeniom społecznym przez osoby duchowne. Omówiono sytuacje, w których duchowni są objęci tymi ubezpieczeniami w sposób obowiązkowy. Dotyczy to ubezpieczeń emerytalnego, rentowych oraz wypadkowego. Analizie poddano także przepisy regulujące dobrowolne ubezpieczenie chorobowe, zwracając w szczególności uwagę na konsekwencje wiążące się z nieopłaceniem należnej składki. W opracowaniu przedstawiono także konsekwencje wynikające ze zbiegu tytułów ubezpieczeniowych. W praktyce kwestie te budzą najwięcej wątpliwości.
EN
The article deals with the concept of “religion” in the Ukrainian folklore. Linguistic umts in which the concept of religion appears are presented. The author analyses lexical and phraseological materiał which forms the kemel of this concept. The research results confirm the idea of the dumas language connect-m with the religious source.
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
The Seven Princesses by Maurice Maeterlinck, Body white of men of the shade by Jean Louvet and Towards the sea by Émile Verhaeren match « water » and « death ». In a gradation towards more hope of defeating disappearance. These three authors disowned the Christianity which they knew when they were a child. An attentive reading of texts discovers in them however Christian recollections, more or less conscious, more or less assumed.
FR
Le présente article analyse les correspondances entre l’eau et la mort dans Les Sept Princesses de Maurice Maeterlinck, Corps blanc des hommes de l'ombre de Jean Louvet et Vers la mer d'Émile Verhaeren. Les trois auteurs y désavouent le christianisme qu'ils connaissaient lorsqu'ils étaient enfants. Une étude attentive des textes dévoilera leurs souvenirs chrétiens, plus ou moins conscients, plus ou moins assumés, liés à l’eau et la mort, ainsi qu’à l’espoir de vaincre la disparition. Elle  montrera aussi comment l’association « eau/mort » s’avère morbide, purificatrice ou régénératrice. 
RU
Том содержит аннотацию только на английском и французском языках.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 2
58-72
EN
The paper looks at the stylistic dimension of English religious texts analyzed against the background of the Firbasian theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP). Anchored in the functional approach to the study of language, it first defines the basic linguistic concepts, both in the area of English stylistics and the theory of FSP. Having introduced the research corpus (selected biblical texts in the New International Version) the paper explores three key FSP style markers (viz. the frequent occurrence of potentiality, the ratio of different syntactic realizations of presentation sentences, and manifestation of ideology). The phenomena under examination are discussed first at the level of FSP to be subsequently interpreted in terms of functional stylistics. It is possible to conclude that, in addition to pragmatic differences concerning the biblical discourse, the connection of the theory of FSP with the stylistic dimension of the text proved to be enriching and fruitful.
EN
On the positive side of global civil societies (NGOs) we could mention for instance the numerous civil initiatives which advance public education and public debate on global affairs. Many NGOs secured greater public support than governments and their officials. Most NGOs also undertook projects to fight for more equitable distribution of planetary resources. But at the same time the models of NGOs activities, growing and shaped by western patterns of economy and culture, were not properly understood and realized in the differentiated cultures of developing countries. This was the case especially at the end of cold war, when growing disappointment with globalization expanded the space for religious renewal. Alongside the erosion of traditional identities and sources of authority, religion was able to furnish the empty space of people's sense of security. In comparison with NGOs, religious social organizations (FBOs) have something qualitatively different to offer, particularly in terms of empowering people, e.g. giving them personal dignity and self-worth.
EN
The aim of this paper was to show the religious controversies, which could be perceived as acts of transgression, on the example of Benetton’s advertising campaigns. Benneton, as a wordly known company, was chosen due to the fact, that a lot of advertisements produced in the past, could be seen as controversial or at least evoking discussion by specific groups of society. For this thesis, the images from late 20th century have been chosen. The author focused on showing various definitions of transgressive acts, to later on assess, if specific advertisements meet the criteria of transgression. She decided to focus on images, that are closely connected to christianity, although there was some part to discuss the racial aspect of Benetton advertising. Religious controversies are the ones, that provoke most heated discussions in the society and are not only the matter of individual expression of an artist, but are also punished by law in certain countries. If the art should always be connected with crossing the borders, provoking scandal or, on the other hand, ought to limit itself to esthetical aspect, can be a matter of discussion. There are some interesting phenomenons, like „wear-out” effect, that would be worth further exploring, especially if we would like to avoid treating viewers as one society and focus more on specific groups of people. Although the author did not focus on the law or ethical aspects of the images shown, she tried to show different perspectives on how those images can affect viewers thinking.
PL
This research compares two intervention methods implemented at a college in northern Israel, aimed at instilling positive attitudes towards LGBT people: (1) a lecture in which a lesbian woman recounted her personal story, and (2) a neutral academic lecture on homosexuality delivered by a department lecturer. The difference between pre- and post-intervention attitudes was significantly greater among the experimental group who heard the personal story, as compared with the control group who heard the lecture. Religious students’ attitudes were significantly more negative pre- and post-intervention. Contrary to our hypothesis, the experimental intervention did not have a greater impact on attitudes of religious students as compared with non-religious students.
EN
As compared to other Arab countries, Syria has quite a complex ethnic and religious structure. One can mention such ethnoses as Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turkmenians and more. Although Islam is the predominant religion, different types of Christianity and Judaism can also be found there. The author’s aim is to present the antagonisms between selected national and religious groups. The main issue is showing the different aspects of these groups’ involvement in the Arab Spring in Syria, for examplethe escalation of the conflict between the Sunnites and Alavites and its consequences for other groups. A conflict that lasts too long may increase the threat of Islamization by extremist groups. This could lead to a long-lasting crisis and destabilization of the country, which could cause a large-scale civil war as times goes by.
PL
Syria w porównaniu do innych państw arabskich ma skomplikowaną strukturę etniczno-religijną. Można wyróżnić: Arabów, Kurdów, Ormian, Asyryjczyków, Turkmenów oraz inne grupy etniczne. Mimo, że dominującą religiąjest islam, można także zaobserwować różne odmiany chrześcijaństwa czy judaizmu. W artykule przeanalizowany zostanie wpływ konfliktu sannicko-alawickiego i jego wpływ na inne grupy etniczne i religijne w Syrii.
EN
The article aims to analyze the concepts of religious and sacrificial slaughter from the perspective of blood taboos and present their current definitions. In order to explore the subject objectively, it was necessary to assume interdisciplinarity, and as a result, an analysis from the perspective of religious studies and hygiene of food of animal origin. At the outset, the author addresses the issue of the religious prohibition of eating blood as an element inextricably linked with the slaughter of animals. Based on the texts of the Hebrew Bible, he presents the blood rite in the sacrificial system of the Israelites and analyzes its ritual functions. The author presents the taboo of blood that, despite the transformation of Judaism, has been preserved and is the basis of the food law. Secondly, he analyzes the importance of blood based on the texts of the Koran and presents the taboo of blood as one of the basic dietary principles of Muslim believers. Then he analyzes sacrificial slaughter on the example of religious rituals of Polish Tatars in Bohoniki in Podlasie. The author distinguishes it from religious slaughter, describing its ethical transformation in the second half of the 20th century and the current state; also deals with the advantages and disadvantages of routine (secular) slaughter. The arguments include blood taboos and health risks related to the presence of residual blood in meat. All the content is crowned with conclusions on the legitimacy of consent to religious slaughter in Poland and the need to conceptually separate it from sacrificial slaughter.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza pojęć uboju religijnego i ofiarniczego z perspektywy tabu krwi i przedstawienie ich aktualnych definicji. Na potrzeby obiektywnego zgłębienia tematu konieczne było założenie interdyscyplinarności, a w efekcie analizy z perspektywy religioznawstwa i higieny żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Na wstępie autor porusza kwestię religijnego zakazu spożywania krwi jako elementu nierozerwalnie powiązanego z ubojem zwierząt. Na podstawie tekstów Biblii hebrajskiej przedstawia ryt krwi w systemie ofiarniczym Izraelitów i analizuje jej rytualne funkcje. Prezentuje tabu krwi, które mimo transformacji judaizmu zostało zachowane i stanowi podstawę prawa żywieniowego. W drugiej kolejności analizuje znaczenie krwi na podstawie tekstów Koranu i przedstawia tabu krwi jako jedną z podstawowych zasad żywieniowych wierzących muzułmanów. Następnie analizuje ubój ofiarniczy na przykładzie obrzędów religijnych polskich Tatarów w podlaskich Bohonikach. W opozycji do tej formy uśmiercania stawia ubój religijny, opisując jego etyczną transformację w II połowie XX w. i stan obecny. Podejmuje również temat zalet i wad świeckiego uboju rutynowego. W wywodach przewijają się zagadnienia tabu krwi i zagrożeń zdrowotnych związanych z obecnością krwi resztkowej w mięsie. Całość zwieńczona jest konkluzjami na temat zasadności przyzwolenia na ubój religijny w Polsce i konieczności pojęciowego oddzielenia go od uboju ofiarniczego.
PL
Autor analizuje ostatnie zmiany dotyczące postrzegania statusu prawnego osoby konsekrowanej w ludzie Bożym. Pojęcia wprowadzone na Soborze Watykańskim II, jak i pojawienie się nowych form życia konsekrowanego w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. prowadzą do rozwinięcia tej myśli, a być może i eklezjologii w odniesieniu do statusu prawnego osoby konsekrowanej. Analizowanej problematyki dotyczy w szczególności nr 29 i nr 60 Vita Consecrata.
EN
Disability in Poland has recently become a frequent subject of research and investigation. But the studies have mainly focused on psychological issues, as well as a social support of the disabled and their families. A disabled person's religiosity has been hardly ever investigated, and particularly there is hardly any evidence of research on how religion helps to experience disability. The impressive number of studies conducted in the United States, Canada or other countries clearly indicate that religion plays a key role in living a traumatic situation. For the disabled and their families both the individual and social dimension of the faith are of paramount importance; the individual dimension includes prayer and faith in God, the social dimension comprises community meetings, discussions, and intercessory prayers. These practices, in addition to the salvific and spiritual dimension, have a positive effect on improving mental condition of a person, they support treatment and encourage the pursuit of full ability.
16
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EN
Disability in Poland has recently become a frequent subject of research and investigation. But the studies have mainly focused on psychological issues, as well as a social support of the disabled and their families. A disabled person's religiosity has been hardly ever investigated, and particularly there is hardly any evidence of research on how religion helps to experience disability. The impressive number of studies conducted in the United States, Canada or other countries clearly indicate that religion plays a key role in living a traumatic situation. For the disabled and their families both the individual and social dimension of the faith are of paramount importance; the individual dimension includes prayer and faith in God, the social dimension comprises community meetings, discussions, and intercessory prayers. These practices, in addition to the salvific and spiritual dimension, have a positive effect on improving mental condition of a person, they support treatment and encourage the pursuit of full ability.
PL
W ostatnich latach można zaobserwować w Polsce dynamiczny rozwój badań w obrębie problematyki niepełnosprawności. W przeważającej mierze eksploracje te dotyczą zagadnień psychologicznych, wsparcia społecznego i rodziny osób niepełnosprawnych. W dalszym ciągu niezbadanymi pozostają zagadnienia dotyczące religijności osób niepełnosprawnych, a zwłaszcza roli religii w doświadczaniu niepełnosprawności. Imponująca liczba badań przeprowadzonych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Kanadzie czy innych krajach jednoznacznie wskazuje, iż religia pełni kluczową rolę w przeżywaniu sytuacji traumatycznych. Zarówno wymiar indywidualny wiary, jakim jest modlitwa, zawierzenie Bogu, jak i wymiar wspólnotowy: spotkania, rozmowy, modlitwy wstawiennicze, mają niezwykłe znaczenie dla osób niepełnosprawnych i ich rodzin. Praktyki te, oprócz wymiaru zbawczego czy duchowego, wpływają także na poprawę kondycji psychicznej, wspomagają leczenie, motywują do większego zaangażowania w dążeniu do pełnej sprawności.
PL
Celem niniejszej publikacji jest zwrócenie uwagi na działalność organizacji katolickiej, dzisiaj już nieco zapomnianej, lecz kiedyś święcącej triumfy jaką jest Sodalicja Mariańska. Powstałe w XVI wieku stowarzyszenie stawiało sobie za cel: szerzenie szczególnego nabożeństwa i kultu Najświętszej Maryi Panny, samo uświęcenie oraz pracę apostolską w swoim środowisku. Funkcjonująca początkowo, jedynie wśród uczniów kolegiów jezuickich, Sodalicja zaczęła stopniowo obejmować ludzi wszystkich stanów i środowisk. Wystarczy wspomnieć, że sodalisami byli zarówno rzemieślnicy, urzędnicy czy nauczyciele jak i królowie, magnaci i szlachta. Sodalicja poprzez inten-sywną pracę apostolską, wychowawczą oraz charytatywną położyła ogromne zasługi przede wszystkim w kwestii szerzenia i obrony wiary chrześcijańskiej, ale też podno-sząc poziom moralny i materialny poszczególnych społeczeństw. W powyższym artykule poddano analizie Sodalicję Mariańską, która działała przy Zakładzie Wychowawczo-Naukowym Olgi z Filippich-Żychowiczowej we Lwowie, a następnie w Krakowie w latach 1926-1949. Owa organizacja pozostawiła po sobie dość sporą dokumentację co pozwoliło przede wszystkim ocenić jej strukturę i stan osobowy, a także, powstałe w trakcie działalności problemy. Organizacja prowadziła swa działalność w trzech różnych okresach historii Polski: międzywojennym, II wojny światowej oraz początkach PRL. Wymuszało to niej zmianę specyfiki funkcjonowania i konieczność adaptacji do nowej sytuacji społeczno-politycznej.
EN
The aim of this paper is to pay attention to the activity of a catholic organization which is a bit forgotten today, but was extremely famous by the name of Marian Sodalice. A society founded in XVI century pursued following objectives: spreading Marial cult and piety, self-perfecting and apostolic labor in one’s environment. The Sodalice operated at first only among pupils of Jesuits’ colleges, but with the passage of time embraced people of all strata and environments. Its members were both craftsmen, clerks, teachers as well as kings, magnates and noblemen. By intense apostolic labor the Sodalice amply contributed to spreading and defending Christian faith and to raising society’s moral and material level. In this paper, a Marian Sodalice was examined which was active at the Educational and Didactic Department of Olga Żychowiczowa nee Filippi in Lviv and later on (1926-1949) in Cracow. The organization left behind many documents, which allowed to evaluate its structure, human resources and problems which arose during its activity. It operated in three different periods of Polish history: inter-war, WWII and the outset of PPR. Such circumstances made it necessary to change its modus operandi and adapt to the new socio-political situation.
PL
Doktryna grzechu pierworodnego spotyka się dziś z licznymi przejawami kontestacji ze strony nauk pozytywnych jak i samego chrześcijaństwa. Narzędziem, które może posłużyć nowemu spojrzeniu na tradycyjną naukę Kościoła o grzechu pierworodnym i sprawić, że będzie ona w stanie wejść w dyskurs ze współczesną krytyką, jest teoria mimetyczno-oarnicza wypracowana przez francuskiego antropologa René Girarda, a rozwinięta przez szwajcarskiego teologa Raymunda Schwagera. Wykorzystanie tej teorii do reinterpretacji tradycyjnej doktryny o grzechu pierworodnym potwierdza aktualność tej ostatniej oraz pomaga lepiej zrozumieć mechanizmy, które mają decydujący wpływ na funkcjonowanie jednostek, instytucji i całych społeczeństw.
EN
The works on pastoral theology are interesting sources that allow to reconstruct the model of a parish priest functioning in the era. Selected works published in Polish in the years 1809‒1914 are the basis of the source article. These include not only worksbooks, but also handbooks, guides, as well as the pastoral publications. The image that emerges from the works is not only the postulated, imaginated or created image, they are not only the theoretical work. The authors, experienced pastors, en wrote about what they experienced, in many passages there were reports of what and how it was. Their analysis makes it possible to capture many aspects of the priest’s life, including some aspects of everyday life pastoral activity, social activity, as well as issues related to the state-church relations. The article could not be a detailed discussion of all aspects of the issues undertaken in the title, it was to pay attention to certain features or the problems connected with the requirements that had to be met in order to move closer to the ideal pastor. These requirements were a re;ection of the conditions and needs of the age, and, moreover, an expression of the pastoral concept professed by the authors of studied works.
19
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EN
Wassily Kandinsky defined the character of the spirituality of modern art and outlined its territory, becoming, along with Duchamp, a patron of various trends in modern art. The notion of the spirituality of art has proved to be an important characteristic feature of works of art. It figures prominently in the writings of art historians, theologians, and aestheticians, and it seems to correspond to Charles Taylor’s conceptions of epiphanic art. Nevertheless, the very notion of the spirituality of art is far from clearly defined: it can refer to the spiritual nature of an artwork itself or to the creative process, or to the spirituality of a work of art that can be determined by its theological context. In this paper I have compared several distinct readings of the notion of the spirituality of art, with Kandinsky’s thought constituting the frame of reference for the interpretations of the works of Rothko and Viola.
PL
Celem artykułu jest konfrontacja wybranych interpretacji pojęcia „duchowość sztuki” Wasyla Kandyńskiego oraz pokazanie dwóch odmiennych podejść do duchowości sztuki: abstrakcji Rothko i video instalacji Billa Violi. W świetle myśli Charlesa Taylora można przyjąć, że pojęcie duchowości zastępuje pojęcie piękna, a duchowość abstrakcji stanowi jedną z odpowiedzi artystów awangardy na instrumentalizm stechnicyzowanej rzeczywistości. W interpretacji Kojèva, idącego za Heglem, duchowość sztuki jest tożsama z pięknem, natomiast Adorno niechętny podejściom Kandyńskiego i Hegla postuluje krytyczny model duchowości sztuki. W drugiej połowie XX wieku istnieje wiele nawiązań do Kaudyńskiego. Duchowy plan dzieł sztuki, pojęty jako kosmiczny pierwiastek rzeczywistości, staje się ich uzasadnieniem, w pewnym sensie zastępuje wartości estetyczne. Równolegle pojawiają się alternatywne podejścia, duchowość zostaje utożsamiona z procesem tworzenie (Marek Rothko) lub przynależy integralnie do przedstawienia, co zbliża sztukę świecką do religijnej (Bill Viola). Dla estetyka interesujące, w tej konfrontacji, jest wydobycie przesunięć w obrębie starych kategorii estetycznych, jak również odnotowanie ich nowych manifestacji w sztuce.
20
Content available remote

Geneza kanonu 1370 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r.

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EN
In the article has been presented genesis of crime of physical forces against clerics and religious (can. 1370). Author has analyzed punishments for this crime in Gratian’s Decretum, the apostolic constitution of Pius XII (12 October 1869), the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the Schematic of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the 1917 Code of Canon Law and the current Code. Historical analysis of can. 1370 allow to understand its presence in the canonical penal law, and why this offense was severely punished in the Catholic Church – punish with excommunication. But compared to the previous regulations, the penalty for the crime of physical forces against clerics and religious has been mitigated.
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