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EN
The article analyses organisational development of two main established non-Catholic churches in the Czech Lands, i.e. the Protestant Church of the Czech Brethren (Českobratrská církev evangelická) and the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church (Církev československá /husitská/), since their establishment in 1918 and 1920 to the present. Author shows that particular congregations were established more or less according to public demand in the first decades, but the structure of the churches remained in large degree stable, with just a little reaction to growing secularization and religious differentiation (including spatial) in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The path dependency was even deeper in case of higher organization entities, Protestant seniorates and Hussite dioceses, that hardly respond to regional differences in religiosity. The two “modern” denominations starting with distinct flexibility in comparison with the Roman Catholic Church (mostly at expenses of the very church), have become quite conservative in their organisations in few decades, and as such they are not able to compete with smaller, nonconformist denominations nowadays.
Kościół i Prawo
|
2022
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2
193-212
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest badaniu problematyki państwowej kontroli finansowej nad działalnością organizacji religijnych na Ukrainie poprzez ujawnienie celów tej kontroli i ingerencji państwa w działalność organizacji religijnych. Analizie poddano kilka obszarów, które są instrumentami wpływu państwa. Po pierwsze, jest to prawnie określony obowiązek prowadzenia rachunkowości ze strony organizacji religijnej i wymóg składania sprawozdań finansowych jako jeden z elementów kontroli finansowej państwa. Po drugie, jest to kontrola nad celowym wykorzystaniem środków, jakie mogą otrzymać i otrzymują organizacje religijne w trakcie realizacji programów budżetowych. Po trzecie, jest to państwowa kontrola finansowa nad działalnością podmiotów gospodarczych utworzonych przez organizacje religijne (przedsiębiorstwa wydawnicze, poligraficzne, produkcyjne, remontowo-budowlane, rolnicze i inne). W każdym przypadku różny jest przedmiot czynności kontrolnych, procedury czynności kontrolnych oraz cele, które mają być osiągnięte w wyniku prowadzonych przez organy państwa procedur kontrolnych.
EN
The article is devoted to the study of issues of state financial control over the activities of religious organizations in Ukraine through the disclosure of the goals to which such control is directed and the state's intervention in the activities of religious organisations. The analysis was carried out in several directions, which are tools of state influence. First of all, it is a legally defined obligation to keep accounting records by a religious organisation and the requirement to submit financial statements as one of the components of state financial control. Secondly, it is a control over the targeted use of funds that religious organisations can and do receive during the implementation of budget programs. Thirdly, it is the state financial control over the activities of economic entities, which are formed by religious organisations (publishing, printing, production, restoration and construction, agricultural and other enterprises). In each of the cases, the subject of the control activity, control activity procedures and goals that must be achieved as a result of the control procedures carried out by the state bodies differ.
PL
Obecność instytucji i organizacji reprezentujących główne wyznania religijne w Europie jest różnorodna. Poszczególne przedstawicielstwa chrześcijaństwa, islamu i judaizmu posiadają odrębny status w relacjach ze strukturami unijnymi. Różne bywają także formy, zakres oraz dynamizm ich działania. Pozycję chrześcijaństwa w dyskusji nad różnymi aspektami europejskiej polityki wzmacniają: znaczna przewaga wyznawców religii chrześcijańskiej nad liczbą wyznawców islamu i judaizmu w Europie, sprawdzone i sprawne struktury organizacyjne chrześcijaństwa na poziomie europejskim oraz wsparcie Stolicy Apostolskiej udzielone Kościołowi katolickiemu.
EN
The institutional and organisational presence of the main religions in Europe is diverse. Representatives of Christianity, Islam or Judaism hold different status in their relations with the EU structures. The forms, range and dynamics of their actions vary as well. The position of Christianity in the discussions over the various issues of European policies is strengthened by the preponderance of Christianity in Europe, its proven and efficient organisational structures within the European Union, as well as the support granted to the Catholic Church by the Holy See.
EN
In 2012 Paweł Borecki and Czesław Janik published book titled (in English translation): “Churches and other philosophical organizations about new Polish constitution. Selection of documents from 1988 – 1997”. This review concerns formal, methodological aspects of above mentioned work, its contents and importance for development of scientific research in the field of opinions of Churches and other philosophical organizations on new Polish constitution and their impact on its final text. In the reviewer’s opinion discussed book made a significant contribution to this research and it is of good editorial quality.
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