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Z dziejów badań nad reformacją w Polsce. Czasopismo „Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce” i jego długoletni redaktor Janusz Tazbir

100%

Kosman M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2017

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issue 3(364)

75-94

EN

From the perspective of the celebration of the 500th anniversary of European Reformation symbolized by Martin Luther’s public plea, the author undertakes a synthetic assessment of studies on Protestantism in Poland with special emphasis on the journal “The Renaissance and Reformation in Poland” and the research and organizational achievements of its long-time editor-in-chief Janusz Tazbir (1927-2016). The journal provided inspiration for studies on denominational relations in the age of the Reformation and Counter-reformation not only in Poland. It continued after the Second World War the traditions of research on Protestantism in Old Poland, which had been begun after Poland regained independence by its excellent predecessor, the periodical “Reformation in Poland”. The high standard of the journal is to be largely credited to the personality of Professor Janusz Tazbir, who in the second half of the 20th century dominated the study of confessional transformations in Poland. At the same time he was also a historian of impressive scholarly achievements both as an analyst and synthetist, the author of works of lasting significance. His approach inspired the younger generation to tackle new topics and attempt to verify previous assertions from the history of Catholicism and Protestantism, various forms of interconfessional confrontations and the problem of religious tolerance.

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Heretycki szał czy recepcja cesarskiego prawodawstwa w polityce religijnej królów wandalskich? Codex Theodosianus XVI a Edictum Hunirici

84%

Wilczyński M.

Vox Patrum

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2020

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vol. 75

527-538

EN

The knowledge about the religious policy of the Vandal kings is provided only by the sources which are hostile toward the Vandals, written by the followers of the Nicene orthodoxy. The Arianic sources from this period, even if they existed, have not survived. The preserved sources focus on persecutions – usually drastic in form – and the imposition of Arian heresy by force. According to the authors of the sources, the ferocity of the barbarians combined with their fanatic zeal (typical for heretics) the Vandal kings ruthless rulers. Nevertheless, when we juxtapose the imperial legislation with the deeds of Vandals, especially with the Edict of Huneric, the only preserved legal act concerning those issues, we can explain their policy very differently. The Vandal kings quite accurately adopted and imitated the methods of combating heresy recommended in the Roman legislation. The royal officials of Roman origin and the Roman Arians, who cooperated with Vandals, were probably very well informed in that matter and could deliver the necessary “know how.” In his edict, King Huneric directly indicates the laws issued by the emperors as the basis for his legal regulations directed against the followers of the Nicene orthodoxy. A more thorough analysis of similarities can be an important contribution to research on the extensive use of the Roman administration and law in the barbarian kingdoms in the Western part of the Roman Empire.

PL

Wiedzy o polityce religijnej królów wandalskich dostarczają wyłącznie wrogie Wandalom źródła, pisane przez wyznawców nicejskiej ortodoksji. Źródła proweniencji ariańskiej z tego okresu nawet jeżeli istniały nie zachowały się. Zachowane źródła koncentrują się na drastycznych często formach prześladowań i narzucania siłą herezji ariańskiej. Powodem bezwzględności wandalskich monarchów miała być, zdaniem autorów źródeł, dzikość barbarzyńców i fanatyczny szał typowy dla heretyków. Porównanie prawodawstwa cesarskiego z działaniami Wandalów, a szczególnie z jedynym zachowanym aktem prawnym jakim jest Edykt Huneryka pozwala ukazać działania te w innym aspekcie. Wandalscy królowie dość wiernie przejmowali i naśladowali metody zwalczania herezji zalecane w prawodawstwie rzymskim. Wiedzy o tym prawodawstwie dostarczać mogli zarówno rzymscy urzędnicy administracji królewskiej, jak i rzymskie środowiska ariańskie współpracujące z Wandalami. Król Huneryk w swoim edykcie bezpośrednio wskazuje prawa wydawane przez cesarzy jako podstawę wydanych przez niego regulacji prawnych skierowanych przeciw wyznawcom nicejskiej ortodoksji. Dokładniejsza analiza występujących podobieństw może być ważnym przyczynkiem do badań nad szerokim wykorzystywaniem rzymskiej administracji i prawa w królestwach barbarzyński na terenach zachodniego cesarstwa rzymskiego.

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Wpływ aneksji Półwyspu Krymskiego na sytuację Kościołów działających na jego terytorium

84%

Dębowski T. R.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2018

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issue 12

57-72

EN

In the springtime of 2014, incidents, that happened in the eastern part of Ukraine, led to take control over the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation. At the same time, from the Donetsk region, came the information about many acts of violence, directed against the clergy and worshippers of the Christian communities other than the Russian Orthodox Church, supportive for the Kremlin authorities. Those incidents led us to formulate the following research question: what is the situation of the churches on the annexed peninsula? And further, the hypothesis that the situation of the churches on the annexed peninsula, except for the Russian Orthodox Church, has deteriorated. The research material, used in the article, is mostly based on the Ukrainian, Russian and English Internet sources, which have been analyzed in a quantitative and a qualitative way. As a result of these activities, the following communities have been distinguished to be analyzed: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, the Catholic Church of the Ukrainian-Byzantine rite, the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant churches. The text, constructed on the „subject-problem” system, has been divided into two main parts and the conclusion section. Following the research, it has been found that the legal position of the churches operating on the peninsula, except for the Russian Orthodox Church, had deteriorated. The admission of the Russian solutions regarding religious laws makes the implementation of the church activities (missional, pastoral, educational and charitable), as well as the cooperation with foreign partners much more difficult. Breach of the previous religious freedom on the Crimean Peninsula can be considered as a form of a persecution. The analysis of our sources allowed us to notify that the scale of repressions that the churches encounter, is diÄ erent. In the most difficult position is the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, competitive with the Russian Orthodox Church. The situation of the Catholic Church of the Ukrainian-Byzantine rite, as well as the situation of the Evangelical churches (well-known for their inner missions) does not look better. The Catholic Church has also suffered from particular difficulties. In the light of the above analysis, we might conclude that the research hypothesis has been positively verified. We have emphasized that the current position of the analyzed churches from the annexed Crimean Peninsula is a consequence of the recent political conditions and the speci' city of the interdenominational relations existing in Ukraine, as well as the close ties between the Kremlin and the Russian Orthodox Church. These connections are also a result of the actions undertaken by Vladimir Putin, in order to find new methods to legitimize his own political power. Consequently, he creates a framework for a „new national myth”, focusing on relations with the Russian Orthodox Church and the church traditions. The difficulties faced by churches described in the text, reflect the practices used in the Russian Federation towards „foreigners” minority communities (perceived as a threat to the confessional security of the country) before 2014. Some of these actions involuntarily led us to connotations with the persecutions of Christians and representatives of other religions, described by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in the first volume of the Gulag Archipelago (1973).

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1 Przegląd Zachodni

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1 Dębowski T. R.

1 Kosman M.

1 Wilczyński M.

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1 2017

Z dziejów badań nad reformacją w Polsce. Czasopismo „Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce” i jego długoletni redaktor Janusz Tazbir

Heretycki szał czy recepcja cesarskiego prawodawstwa w polityce religijnej królów wandalskich? Codex Theodosianus XVI a Edictum Hunirici

Wpływ aneksji Półwyspu Krymskiego na sytuację Kościołów działających na jego terytorium