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Mariánská topologie a Ornythologie

100%

Smyčková K.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

2018

vol. 66

issue 3

335-358

Jan Ignác Dlouhoveský (1638-1701) is the author of some forty works, mostly prayer books, the most important of which is the cycle, Ornythologia Mariana, dedicated to the Palladium of the Czech lands in Stará Boleslav. The cycle was evidently never completed. It was meant to comprise seven books containing the history of the Palladium, prayers, songs and other texts. Only the first and second volumes, Ager benedictionis (1670) and Zdoro-Slaviček (1671), have been preserved along with the title page of the third volume, Hrdlička (1673). In each book, pilgrims were guided by a symbolic bird - a lark, a (defiant) nightingale and a turtle-dove, and it was to be a dove, a swan, a swallow an a hen in subsequent works. This study focuses on the composition of the surviving books and the entire planned cycle, particularly on the literary creation of the “Marian Bohemia” space. The entire cycle is based on the central metaphor of a “blessed field“ (Agar benedictionis), on which birds sing. Each of these represents a particular kind of space and timeframe (e.g. a type of landscape or a season of the year), their task being basically to subordinate all human time and space to the Staré Boleslav Virgin Mary and to present Bohemia as a holy Marian land. By cleverly developing the basic metaphor and emphasizing the natural and numerical symbolism, Dlouhoveský espouses what is known as conceptual poetics, with which he creates the mythical space of “Marian Bohemia”, in which verticality plays an important role (linking heaven and earth, history and Czech holy relics). This is a dynamic space, primarily thanks to the emphasis on the time element: pilgrimages. Another important feature of “Marian Bohemia” is its centralization. It is not defined by borders, but just by a central point - Stará Boleslav.

Píseň písní v mariánské úctě českého baroka

84%

Smyčková K.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

2020

vol. 68

issue 2

141-157

This study deals with the reception of the Song of Songs in Czech Baroque literature, particularly in works associated with Marian pilgrimage sites. The introductory chapter is a brief summary of the three main lines of canticle exegesis; for the subject of this study the most important allegorical exposition of the figures of the bridegroom and the bride from the Song of Songs is as God and Mary. The flourishing of canticle expositions and the influence of this book of the Bible on national literatures may be documented in particular in the 12th century within the Bohemical environment and then two centuries later, and the reception of the Song of Songs peaks again in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Song of Songs was quoted by preachers at this time, and we find its verses in the names of pilgrimage guidebooks and the like. The main part of this study consists of an analysis of three works that are paraphrases of this book of the Bible or that perform substantial work on it in a different manner. The anonymous Marian song Pojďte, chvalte, ó, křesťané (Come, Praise, Oh Christians) turns the verses of the Song into the text of a collective pilgrimage song, in which elements of high literature combine with those of simple folk song. Jan Ignác Dlouhoveský quotes substantially from the Song in his pilgrimage books on the Stará Boleslav Virgin Mary, often interpreting it very unconventionally and using it to create a Marian love lyric of a courtly nature. The third work, a pilgrim’s meditative book Vera effigies by Daniel Doležal, uses the Song of Songs as a primary compositional element. This work, dedicated to the St James Pietà, is particularly notable for its application of principles of modern-period poetics (visualization and emblematics). These examples illustrate a not too well-known aspect of Baroque Marian piety and document the confrontation between fashionable poetic principles and the medieval exegetic and literary tradition.

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2 Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

2 Smyčková K.

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1 2018

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Mariánská topologie a Ornythologie

Píseň písní v mariánské úctě českého baroka