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Skuteczność zawarcia umowy pożyczki przez kościelną osobę prawną bez zezwolenia biskupa

100%

Dubiel S.

Kościół i Prawo

2014

issue 3 (16) nr 2

185-200

The parish, under the art. 52 of the relationship between the State and the Catholic Church in Poland Act as art. 23 of the Concordat of 1993 is an entity in the course of civil law. There is a close connection between canon law and civil law regarding entering into a loan agreement. The basis to appeal is by legislature and the cannon case law in article 63 § 1-2 of the Civil Code. The lack of the bishop’s consent upholds a sanction of suspended ineffectiveness. It is therefore defective and can only become fully effective upon confirmation. There should be statutes in each diocese to determine which acts are beyond the limits and the manner of ordinary administration. If there is no provision within the statutes regarding this point, the decision remains with the diocesan bishop who following consultation with the financial committee, determines these acts for the persons subject to him. It would also seem legitimate to stipulate the creation of inventory of measures to form Acts to control extraordinary management, to which loan agreements can be added. A parish priest entering into a loan agreement is also obliged take into account particular law as well as the common law vested right. If the loan amount exceeds the limits and manner of ordinary administration the parish priest should initially consult the parish finance council and obtain authorisation from the diocesan bishop, prior to taking measures of the act. The responsibility for the lack of an appropriate authority in the first place belongs to the parish priest and not to the employees of the bank, who do not need to know the canon law. Hence there is a demand for diligent educating of clergy in the Church of patrimonial law in the seminaries and provision of relevant education courses on the management of parish property. In addition, if the parish priest causes harm to a person, as a result of failure to comply with the loan agreement; he is obliged to repair the damage. The parish does not take responsibility for actions taken by the administrator, unless it has gained benefits.

Skuteczność zawarcia umowy pożyczki przez parafię bez zezwolenia biskupa

45%

Kaleta P.

Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

2013

vol. 16

281-299

Parafia, na podstawie kan. 1254 §1 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego, art. 52 ustawy o stosunku Państwa do Kościoła Katolickiego w RP i art. 23 Konkordatu z 1998 r. posiada zdolność majątkową, która uzdalnia ją do czynności prawnych. W prawie kanonicznym istnieje ścisła korelacja w kwestii zawierania umów – kanonizacja przepisów cywilnych. W tym względzie prawo cywilne nie ma adekwatnej normy prawnej. Analiza orzecznictwa SN w tym względzie prowadzi do wniosku, że podstawą odwołania się do prawa kanonicznego stanowi art. 63 §1-2 k.c. – zgoda osób trzecich. Autor artykułu wykazuje, że brak pisemnej zgody biskupa do zawarcia umowy pożyczki stanowi negotium claudicans. Jest to zatem czynność prawna niezupełna. Podjęta czynność prawna będzie wówczas ważna, gdy uzyska pisemne zezwolenie od ordynariusza. Analiza prawa kanonicznego wskazuje, że w każdej diecezji, winne być określone akty nadzwyczajnego zarządzania. Jeśli takich nie ma, biskup diecezjalny po uzyskaniu opinii diecezjalnej rady do spraw ekonomicznych winien określić te czynności dla podległych jemu kościelnych osób prawnych. Ponadto każdy zarządca jest zobowiązany do przestrzegania prawa kanonicznego również przy zawieraniu umowy pożyczki czy kredytu. W przypadku gdy wartość pożyczki lub kredytu przekracza granice i sposób zwyczajnego zarządzania, proboszcz powinien najpierw skonsultować się z parafialną radą ds. ekonomicznych, a następnie uzyskać pisemne upoważnienie od biskupa diecezjalnego. Odpowiedzialność za brak stosownej zgody biskupa diecezjalnego spoczywa na samym zarządcy kościelnej osoby prawnej.

The parish, under the art. 52 of the relationship between the State and the Catholic Church in Poland Act as art. 23 of the Concordat of 1998 is an entity in the course of civil law. There is a close connection between canon law and civil law regarding entering into a loan agreement. The basis to appeal is by legislature and the cannon case law in article 63 § 1-2 of the Civil Code. The lack of the bishop’s consent upholds a sanction of suspended ineffectiveness. It is therefore defective and can only become fully effective upon confirmation. There should be statutes in each diocese to determine which acts are beyond the limits and the manner of ordinary administration. If there is no provision within the statutes regarding this point, the decision remains with the diocesan bishop who following consultation with the financial committee, determines these acts for the persons subject to him. It would also seem legitimate to stipulate the creation of inventory of measures to form Acts to control extraordinary management, to which loan agreements can be added. A parish priest entering into a loan agreement is also obliged take into account particular law as well as the common law vested right. If the loan amount exceeds the limits and manner of ordinary administration the parish priest should initially consult the parish finance council and obtain authorisation from the diocesan bishop, prior to taking measures of the act. The responsibility for the lack of an appropriate authority in the first place belongs to the parish priest and not to the employees of the bank, who do not need to know the canon law. Hence there is a demand for diligent educating of clergy in the Church of patrimonial law in the seminaries and provision of relevant education courses on the management of parish property. In addition, if the parish priest causes harm to a person, as a result of failure to comply with the loan agreement; he is obliged to repair the damage. The parish does not take responsibility for actions taken by the administrator, unless it has gained benefits.

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1 Kościół i Prawo

1 Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

1 Dubiel S.

1 Kaleta P.

1 2014

1 2013

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Skuteczność zawarcia umowy pożyczki przez kościelną osobę prawną bez zezwolenia biskupa

Skuteczność zawarcia umowy pożyczki przez parafię bez zezwolenia biskupa