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1

Antyfederaliści a republikanci. Amerykańska i polska retoryka republikańska u schyłku XVIII wieku

100%

Lis R.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 2(28)

297-319

EN

The purpose of the article is to compare the republican rhetoric of the American anti‑federalists and the Polish noble (the szlachta’s) republicans from the turn of the 80’s and 90’s of the Eighteenth Century (the time of the Polish Four Years Seym in 1788‑1792 and the American constitutional debates in 1787‑1790). It turns out that both such wide apart groups, representing different social backgrounds and viewpoints could use surprisingly similar methods of political argumentation. To that end the author cites the voices of numerous American and Polish pamphleteers, such as – above all – “Centinel”, “Philadeplphiensis”, “Farmer”, “Cato”, Patrick Henry and Adam Rzewuski, Wojciech Turski, Seweryn Rzewuski, Leonard Olizar and Dyzma Bończa Tomaszewski. The main resemblance of reasoning may be found in the way they warned against monarchy or despotism. Revealing a typical republican obsession of losing liberty, they were prone to identify those threats in almost every effort to strengthen a central government. Interestingly, both American and Polish critics of the reforms refused to accept that such an “energetic” or “active” government is absolutely necessary in order to avoid anarchy and resist foreign invasions. In that respect they believed (in Poland being even inspired by Rousseau) that the true republic can be only built on the virtues of fellow‑citizens – the love of liberty, civic brotherhood and patriotism. To revive those ideals, they eagerly recalled the legends of the ancient republican heroes. Whereas, to oppose the constitutional values of the reformers they were often (mainly in America) setting the example of contemporary Switzerland. Due to the proposed comparison one can easily come to the conclusion that republicanism was a doctrine of a considerably wide range of application possibilities. It is not surprising that in spite of the fact that the American authors were generally democrats, sometimes even of the most radical provenience, whereas the Polish noble republicans were frequently the opponents of the social reforms (with some exceptions), both of them were truly convinced they are almost the last defenders of the republic, liberty and – symptomatically enough – civic equality.

2

Kino jako medium kształtujące kulturę pamięci – na przykładzie wybranych filmów hiszpańskich

63%

Krysiak M.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2012

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issue 2(12)

163-170

EN

The article focuses on the phenomenon of historical memory in Spain and the proces of its recovery. The author chose cinema as a medium for passing memory and presented three movies, that refer to the period of Spanish Civil War and Franco’s regime: ¡Ay, Carmela! by Carlos Saura, La hora de los valientes by Antonio Mercero and La hora de los valientes by José Luís Cuerda. A characteristic feature of those films is nostalgia for the lost paradise embodied by the Second Republic and repugnance for Franco’s regime. They also reflect dominant conviction about Spain divided into two opposing worlds where communication is impossible. There is a clear tendency to divide the memory and history in Spain into black and white and people into just and unjust depending on their attitude towards the regime of Franco. We can observe that especially one memory in Spanish cinema is highlighted – the memory of the republicans

3

Trumpism as an Alternative Look at the Great America

51%

Grubov V., Svynarenko V., Khraban I.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

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2021

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issue 3

31-47

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę fenomenu „Trumpizmu”, który przyniósł nadzieję na odnowienie Ameryki oraz oczekiwania zmian w tradycyjnej amerykańskiej polityce. „Trumpizm” rzucił wyzwanie amerykańskiemu Deep State i pokazał, że Ameryka jest historycznie, mentalnie, kulturowo i ekonomicznie podzielona. Paternalizm amerykańskich demokratów wobec pewnej części amerykańskiej populacji, co Trump określił mianem „komunizmu”, stoi w sprzeczności wobec prawdziwej Ameryki, spersonifikowanej przez stany należące do „pasa rdzy” i ich klasy robotniczej. „Trumpizm” dostrzega szansę prawdziwego odrodzenia Ameryki w polityce niezachwianego narodowego egoizmu i skupieniu Ameryki na sobie samej. Dla przeciwników politycznych Donalda Trumpa jego powrót do władzy oznaczałby ponowne pogrążenie elity rządzącej w walce przeciwko nieznanemu, podczas gdy to, co działo się za politycznymi kulisami już wyszło na światło dzienne i odkryło swoje prawdziwe cele.

EN

The article analyzes the phenomenon of “Trumpism,” which brought hopes for its renewal and expectation of changes into traditional American politics. “Trumpism” swung at the power of the Deep State and showed America that it is historically, mentally, culturally, and economically fragmented. The paternalism of American democrats toward a certain part of the country’s population, which Trump positions as “communism,” opposes the true America, which is personified by the states of the “rusty belt” and its working class. “Trumpism” sees the true rebirth of America in a policy of sound national egoism and in America’s focus on itself. For opponents of President Donald Trump, his return to power means another immersion of the ruling elite in the fight against many unknown things, when the political “behind the scenes” has already come out of the shadows and has shown its actual goals.

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1 Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

1 Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

1 Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

1 Grubov V.

1 Khraban I.

1 Krysiak M.

1 Lis R.

1 Svynarenko V.

1 2021

1 2014

1 2012

Antyfederaliści a republikanci. Amerykańska i polska retoryka republikańska u schyłku XVIII wieku

Kino jako medium kształtujące kulturę pamięci – na przykładzie wybranych filmów hiszpańskich

Trumpism as an Alternative Look at the Great America