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Rezonans a rejestry głosowe

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EN
Resonance and voice registrations are one of the important factors of vocal technique. They include the wide range of issues which recognition, and skilful usage causes full and conscious voice operation. Working out proper skills of using voice resonance with a reference to free conscious operation of voice registration is not only a subject of long term process of learning to sing, but also is the center of attention during continuous work on the voice of every vocalist. Definitions of notions, division of resonance chambers and voice registrations their functions and a role and dependence in the process of phonation – there subject of the work.
EN
What makes human voice unique among other instruments is the fact, that it is a live instrument which, as the only one, produces articulated tones. Among every all articulated organs which are responsible for that phenomenon velum draws the highest attention. It is the moving and articulating organ situated in the oral cavity. Good condition of the organ provides better articulation and resonance, elimination of rhinolalia and development of diapason for the vocalist. These elements are the quintessence of vocal technique. Belittling Underestimating velum’s efficiency leads to many irregularities and faults excluding proper voice projection in the above named aspects.
EN
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is very common in childhood. Obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway may cause obligatory oral breathing, chronic open-mouth posture, incorrect inferior or anterior-inferior position of the tongue, disordered swallowing and impaired facial growth. Facial growth disorders frequently result in onset of the specific types of malocclusion and specific speech disorders. Obstruction of the pharynx during sleep by adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains the main cause of sleep apnea syndrome in children. Obstruction of the upper airway by the enlarged adenoid and/or hypertrophic tonsils may lead to hyponasality of the voice and/or cul-de-sac resonance. Malocclusions, in turn, in association with the incorrect tongue positioning in the oral cavity give rise to the disordered articulation of anterior consonants.
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Lyrická filosofie: myslet zakoušením ozvěny smyslu

75%
EN
The study aims to present and shed light on lyric philosophy, a philosophical orientation established by the Canadian philosopher Jan Zwicky. It does so in several steps. First, it presents the central idea of the existence of nonverbal lyric thinking and the experiencing of lyric practice in the framework of which the meaning of this world and its individual parts is to be shown to us. It then illustrates these theses by presenting the two main inspirations of lyric philosophy – the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and gestaltism. It also brings nearer the relationship between lyric philosophy and the philosophical method that is reduced to thinking in words with the help of logical categories. It then focuses on the communication of meaning through metaphorical expression, which Zwicky considers to be a sort of “window” in the “wall” between us and the meaning through which we are able to see meaning. Finally, the study considers lyric philosophy’s problematic areas and relationship with the philosophical tradition and makes an attempt to outline its potential for philosophical research in general.
CS
Studie si klade za cíl představit a osvětlit lyrickou filosofii, filosofický směr založený kanadskou filosofkou Jan Zwickyovou. Činí tak v několika krocích. Nejprve představuje centrální myšlenku existence nonverbálního lyrického myšlení a zakoušení lyrické zkušenosti, v rámci které se nám má ukazovat smysl tohoto světa a jeho jednotlivých částí. Tyto teze poté dokresluje skrze představení dvou hlavních inspirací lyrické filosofie – filosofie Ludwiga Wittgensteina a gestaltismu. Dále přibližuje vztah lyrické filosofie a filosofické metody redukované na myšlení ve slovech za pomoci logických kategorií. Posléze se zaměřuje na komunikaci smyslu skrze metaforické vyjádření, které Zwickyová považuje za jakési „okno“ ve „zdi“ mezi námi a smyslem, skrze které jsme schopni smysl nahlédnout. Nakonec se studie zamýšlí nad problematickými místy lyrické filosofie a jejím vztahem s filosofickou tradicí. V souvislosti s tím se pak pokouší načrtnout její potenciál pro filosofické bádání vůbec.
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This paper considers how Frances Itani’s Deafening imaginatively rethinks our understanding of the Great War in the age of postmemory. Seeing as the novel is set in Canada and Europe during the First World War and takes as its protagonist a deaf woman, the poetic attention given to the senses as a horizon of phenomenological experience magnifies the moral bonds that the characters establish in defi ance of both deafness and death. Guided by the theoretical reasoning of Marianne Hirsch, Elaine Scarry, and Alison Landsberg as well as contemporary phenomenological thinking, most significantly that of Edward S. Casey, Steven Connor, Michel Serres, and Jean-Luc Nancy, this paper examines how the novel’s attentiveness to the materiality of the body in regard to the ethical collisions of sound and silence as well as life and death contributes to a poetics of resonance that generates prosthetic memories, turning the anonymous record of war into a private experience of moral endurance inscribed on the ear of historical legacy.
PL
W artykule do analizy dwóch biografii reprezentujących różnorodne ponowoczesne wzorce życia została zastosowana szczególna rama epistemologiczna i jej wybrane kategorie. Ponowoczesność, a właściwie ponowoczesny porządek jest traktowany jako swobodny i zmienny w odniesieniu do kategorii więzi i pracy, podczas gdy jedynym źródłem pewności dla jednostki jest ona sama i jej tożsamość, niezależnie od tego, czy jest to wariant jej przyszłych możliwości czy potrzeb. Taka charakterystyka ponowoczesności zostaje rozszerzona o kategorię rezonansu jako synonim pierwotnego/podstawowego uwikłania w świecie. Rezonansu tego jednostka jest coraz bardziej świadoma, zastanawia się nad nim i czyni/musi uczynić obiektem swojego doświadczenia.
EN
In this article the author intend to use an epistemological concept and its categories of description to analyse two specially chosen biographies reflecting diverse postmodern life patterns. Postmodernity, or in fact the postmodern order, refers to the concept of order-making dimensions discussed in the previous article concerning hypermodernity. It is treated there as casual and variable with regard to the category of relations and work, and the only certainty for the individual, in regard to future possibilities or necessities, is the individual’s own identity. This article adds the category of resonance to the characteristics of postmodernity, as a synonym for a person’s primary entanglement in the world. It is a category of which individuals are increasingly aware, on which they reflect, and which they make an object of their experience.
SK
Medzi základné formy výučby v technicky orientovaných predmetov na vysokej škole s pedagogickým zameraním patria i práce s elektrotechnickými stavebnicami. Počítač v spojení so stavebnicou je vhodný materiálny prostriedok pre individuálne rozvíjanie technickej tvorivej činnosti. Cieľom využívania elektrotechnických stavebníc je zoznámiť študentov so základnými poznatkami elektrotechniky a elektroniky, prehlbovať a rozširovať ich vedomosti, vytvárať a zdokonaľovať pracovné zručnosti a návyky. Úlohy riešené na stavebniciach na základe osvojenia určitej úrovne teoretických vedomostí pomáhajú rozvíjať logické a tvorivé myslenie.
EN
The basic forms of teaching in technically oriented subjects at the high school with a pedagogical focusing include working with electro-Kit. The computer in connection with the kit is suitable for individual material means developing technical creative activity. The aim of the use of electrical kit is to familiarize students with basic knowledge of electrical engineering and electronics, deepen and expand their knowledge, build and improve work skills and habits. Tasks to be completed at the Kit based on acquiring a certain level of theoretical knowledge to help develop logical and creative thinking.
EN
Our study tries to precise the signification of words which were used to speak about sound in technical, scientific or practical texts since these words were apprehended only through literary source in ancient and modern dictionaries. This paper deals with lexical choices made by Jean Martin in his translation of De Architectura of Vitruvius, which is the first French translation (1547). This translation has been followed by several other translations (including those by Claude Perrault, Charles Maufras, Catherine Saliou). We focused on three terms: loquence and barbotement, which are products of an interpretation of Vitruvius’ text, and resonance, which, in Martin’s meaning, is a product of a semantic change.
EN
The meaning of music exceeds the mere acoustic noise. Liturgy clarifies that fact. Focusing aesthetic modes music is considered as defined by the ancient Greek term musiké, back then the union of movement/dance, sound, poetry. As performance musiké correlates with liturgy (performance as well) in a special way. The bodily and transcendent dimensions of musiké arise in liturgy – something performative, i.e. evolving from doing. Liturgy and music are connected with bodily presence (incarnation) and movement – the fundament of life. Both corporal actions and expressive dance in liturgy exist as a form of musiké. Using the example of resonance, listening, polyaisthesis, time/space it becomes apparent that musiké is movens, confronting us with the alien, carrying us to foreign spaces. Leiturgía is a specific aesthetic site where church music opens peculiar the human dimension of musiké. Our society is in need of such places.
PL
Przerost układu adenoidalnego gardła jest w wieku dziecięcym bardzo częsty. Wywołana przez niego obturacja górnej drogi oddechowej utrudnia lub wręcz uniemożliwia fizjologiczne oddychanie przez nos, co inicjuje sekwencyjnie cały szereg komplikacji wtórnych, jak nieprawidłowe oddychanie torem ustnym, zaburzenia połykania, wady zgryzu i artykulacji. Mechaniczna obturacja ujść gardłowych trąbek słuchowych przez przerośnięty migdałek gardłowy utrudnia prawidłowe przewietrzanie uszu środkowych i powoduje powstawanie zaburzeń słuchu o typie przewodzeniowym. Blokada górnej drogi oddechowej poprzez przerośnięty układ adenoidalny gardła jest także najczęstszą przyczyną występowania zespołu bezdechów snu u dzieci. Utrudnienie przepływu powietrza oddechowego przez przerośnięty migdałek gardłowy i/lub podniebienie zaburzać może także prawidłowy rezonans nosowy w mowie, powodując nosowanie zamknięte i/lub tzw. mowę kluskowatą. Zastępcze nieprawidłowe oddychanie torem ustnym powoduje także zaburzenia wzrostu twarzoczaszki i zaburzenia okluzji. Zaburzenia zgryzu w skojarzeniu z dysfunkcją języka są przyczyną występowania zaburzeń artykulacji głosek przednich.
EN
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is very common in childhood. Obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway may cause obligatory oral breathing, chronic open-mouth posture, incorrect inferior or anterior-inferior position of the tongue, disordered swallowing and impaired facial growth. Facial growth disorders frequently result in onset of the specific types of malocclusion and specific speech disorders. Obstruction of the pharynx during sleep by adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains the main cause of sleep apnea syndrome in children.. Obstruction of the airflow by the enlarged adenoid and/ or hypertrophic tonsils may lead to hyponasality of the voice and/or cul-de-sac resonance. Malocclusions, in turn, in association with the incorrect tongue positioning in the oral cavity gives rise to the disordered articulation of anterior consonants.
EN
In the paper Gernot Böhme considers the spatial aspects of the perception of sound, especially the human voice, which he sees not as a verbal bearer of meaning but the expression of “the speaker’s atmospheric presence.” The voice lends the communication space emotional colour and the atmospheres it creates envelop the communication partners by way of resonance. The author sets the signatures concept propounded by the Renaissance philosopher Jacob Böhme against semiotic theories: understanding music is not interpretation but resonance. Gernot Böhme also focuses on contemporary experimental music, where musical instruments are not treated as tools for the production of musical sounds but bodies “provoked” (by hitting, scraping, etc.) to generate specific sounds in the acoustic space.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy utworów muzycznych Henryka Mikołaja Góreckiego, poświęconych trzem postaciom – głównym świętym patronom Polski. Najświętsza Maryja Panna jest adresatką O Domina Nostra. Medytacje o Jasnogórskiej Pani Naszej na sopran solo i organy op. 55. Św. Wojciech to postać będąca kanwą dla Salve, sidus Polonorum. Kantata o św. Wojciechu op. 72. Z kolei osoba św. Stanisława stoi za dziełem Beatus vir op. 38. Opracowanie omawia życiorys i kulturową recepcję każdego ze wspomnianych świętych. Ponadto opisuje muzyczne dzieła, wskazując na obecność w ich formie dwóch kulminacji. Pierwsza jest muzyczna, umiejscowiona pośrodku kompozycji, opatrzona maksymalnym w danym utworze aparatem instrumentalnym oraz dynamicznym. Druga, teologiczna, znajdująca się pod koniec dzieła, zostaje podana w subtelnej lub charakterystycznej instrumentacji, nierzadko w niskich wartościach dynamicznych. W teologicznej często padają tytułowe frazy, a ich forma muzyczna staje się, za gryfem kompozytora, określeniem formy całego utworu.
EN
The article concerns the musical works of Henryk Mikołaj Górecki, dedicated to three characters - the Main Saint Patrons of Poland. The Blessed Virgin Mary is the addressees of O Domina Nostra. Meditations on Our Lady of Jasna Góra for soprano and organ op. 55. Saint Wojciech is a figure that is the canvas for Salve, sidus Polonorum. Cantata about Saint Adalbert op. 72. In turn, the person of St. Stanisław stands behind the work of Beatus vir op. 38. The study discusses the biography and cultural reception of each of the aforementioned saints. In addition, he describes musical works, indicating the presence of two culminations in their form. The first is musical, located in the middle of the composition, provided with the maximum instrumental and dynamic apparatus in a given song. The second theological, at the end of work, one is given in subtle or characteristic instrumentation, often in low dynamic values. Theological phrases often contain in the title, and their musical form becomes, according the composer's neck, a description of the form of the whole work.
EN
This article attempts to provide a possibly broad and diverse perspective on piano mazurkas by Polish composers, from Żeleński to Kilar, inspired by the works of the two greatest composers of this genre – Chopin and Szymanowski. The analysis is based on thirty-one, subjectively chosen, artistic piano miniatures from the period of 1880-2006. Utilitarian and, with very few exceptions, salon pieces, have been left out. The author focuses on the aspects of harmony and melody which, in his opinion, best expose the presence of the processed elements of the folk origin, as well as the mutual relationships between the sphere of influences and inspirations and that of the individual and innovative trends. The musical pieces have been divided into five groups: (1) mazurkas inspired by the Chopin idiom and/or those influenced by the utilitarian and salon needs, (2) mazurkas inspired by the Polish highlands folk idiom, (3) mazurkas inspired by two different sources, (4) mazurkas revealing the influence of past inspirations on individual compositional techniques, (5) mazurkas dominated by individual composing techniques of the authors.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę możliwie szerokiego i różnorodnego spojrzenia na twórczość mazurkową kompozytorów polskich od Żeleńskiego do Kilara, zrodzonej z impulsu, który wyszedł od dwóch największych twórców tego gatunku w historii muzyki – Chopina i Szymanowskiego. Posłużył temu subiektywny wybór trzydziestu jeden utworów fortepia¬nowych z przedziału czasowego 1880-2006, zawierający przykłady z muzyki artystycznej. Twórczość użytkowa i, z niewielkimi wyjątkami, również salonowa, została pominięta. Autor skupia się na zagadnieniach harmo¬niki i melodyki, które – jego zdaniem – są w stanie najpełniej ukazać obecność prze¬two¬¬rzo¬nych elementów pochodzenia ludowego oraz wzajemne relacje sfery wpły¬wów i inspiracji w stosunku do tendencji indywidualnych i nowatorskich. Utwory zostały podzielone na pięć grup: (1) mazurki inspirowane idiomem chopinowskim i/lub o cechach użytkowo-salonowych, (2) mazurki inspirowane idiomem góralskim, (3) mazurki o inspiracjach płynących z dwóch różnych źródeł, (4) mazurki zdradzające oddziały¬wanie inspiracji przeszłości na indywidualny warsztat kompozytorski, (5) mazurki z dominującymi cechami autorskiego warsztatu kompozytorskiego.
EN
The topic of our deliberation is resonance as an issue of understanding ourselves and the world, — an understanding that is undoubtedly related to speech. Resonance, as an issue, opened by senses in the world; an issue opening for senses and in the world; resonance as a matter of senses, whose sensorium commune is the body: becoming of the body (the body-becoming), therefore always a question of identity and difference (identifying and identified, marking and marked, differentiating and differentiated). The subject of our deliberation is the undulation that shapes cannot be represented by the shape of the wave or by the sum of individual shapes of the waves (any confirmation, reassuring of My-self in a shape or by a shape is always seriously threatened by the disintegration of Me). So, if Eastern thought says “the shape is empty”, besides the philosopher of being and existence, besides the phenomenologist, besides the metaphysician, besides the philosopher of the body, besides the philosopher of significance, in our reflection we also recognize the philosopher of emptiness.
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