Search results - CEJSH

1

Antropologia wolności w filozofii Sartre’a i Lévinasa

100%

Błaszczyk M.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

77-87

EN

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspirationfor all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

PL

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspiration for all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

2

The will to live and man’s responsibility according to Etty Hillesum and Victor Frankl

93%

Mizdrak I.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 1

PL

Bauman Z., Nowoczesność i zagłada, Warszawa 1992.Bauman Z., Płynna nowoczesność, Kraków 2006.Bauman Z., Ponowoczesność jako źródło cierpień, Warszawa 2000.Bèriault Y., Etty Hillesum. Świadek Boga w otchłani zła, Warszawa 2011.Frankl V., Bóg ukryty. W poszukiwaniu ostatecznego sensu, Wyd. Czarna Owca, Warszawa 2015.Frankl V., Człowiek w poszukiwaniu sensu, Wyd. Czarna Owca, Warszawa 2015.Gadacz T., Kryzys „europejskiego człowieczeństwa” [La crisi dell’ “umanità europea”], http://www.iumw.pl/kryzys‑europejskiego‑czlowieczenstwa.html (13.07.2016).Grygiel S., Jestem, więc modlę się, Poznań 2011.Hillesum E., Myślące serce. Listy, Wyd. WAM, Kraków 2002.Hillesum E., Przerwane życie. Pamiętnik 1941–1943, Wyd. WAM, Kraków 2013.Szmyd J., Moralność w ponowoczesnym świecie – kryzys i nadzieja, “Res Humana” n. 2 (2008), http://www.kulturaswiecka.pl/node/125 (13.07.2016).Tylor Ch., Źródła podmiotowości. Narodziny tożsamości nowoczesnej, Warszawa 2012.

EN

The quest for and the discovery of the meaning of life, so basic to human existence, play a fundamental role in the process of self‑discovery, that is, in the examination of our own identity, subjectivity and the “self”. Underlying this quest are not merely vague approximations to what man is, but clear fundamental dimensions of humanity: freedom and responsibility.Etty Hillesum and Victor Frankl, take different perspectives on the meaning of life of a person who experiences himself, the world, others and God in the face of war and extreme circumstances (Etty perished in Auschwitz, Frankl survived the concentration camps). However, they both point to the universal trait of the utmost engagement of the will and the assumption of responsibility for one’s life, despite the inevitability of death and the prevalent “cultural hibernation”.In both analyses, freedom appears as a response to reality, to the here and now. That response, as such, means taking responsibility for reality and its shape. Hence it an important question to ask would be what it means to take control of one’s destiny. Is it an obligation, a task, life’s demand, or perhaps just submission to what life may bring? Freedom, which is constantly threatened, must fight for itself. This happens owing to the will to live, which first evokes meaning and then the obligation of taking responsibility for oneself, for others, and even for God himself.

3

Dialogue and Involvement: A Blueprint for Human, Humane and Harmonious Relation Between African Americans and Africans

93%

Ogugua P. I.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2017

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vol. 29/2

EN

A scepter of revolution once on the sky has now engulfed human race. It is a revolution against love, truth, peace, happiness, in short everything that is good and beautiful. There is disunity everywhere. We all sit on the keg of gunpowder. The leaders of men think, though wrongly that diplomacy will do. If the pace and form of human relation is not properly handled, the human race will end in quagmire. We have to base human relations on natures' principles in order to ensure balance; remember nature abhors a vacuum. Africa is the cradle of humankind, civilization as such it is the onus of African sons and daughters everywhere to ensure that mankind survives. We lost grip of the sciences which led to the Seven Wonders of the World; but we can still reacquire these. Most importantly, values build men and civilization., it is the position of this paper to argue that the use of dialogue in relating with the other will do well to ensure a stable company and relationship, as it rhymes with the position of personalist philosophers, and some existentialists like Martin Buber, Gabriel Marcel, Heidegger, etc for dialogue will eventually lead to cooperation to 'active' involvement. The principles of dialogue, cooperation and involvement or activity will help in ensuring that knowledge and information are acquired, harnessed and used in a highly efficient way to free Africans from the clog of powerlessness in the comity of nations.

4

The Responsibility of Technoscience: the Contemporary Challenges

93%

Kiepas A.

Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education

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2015

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issue 3

3-15

EN

The paper shows ethical problems connected with the development of science and technology and the implementation of their results. The problem of responsibility in this area is of key importance as it evolves alongside the development and transformations of science and technology. The paper examines the issues related to the new requirements of responsibility which are combined with technoscience, the current formation of which, is one of the main factors of civilization changes.

5

The effect of cognitive enhancement on the legal responsibility

93%

Girdwoyń A.

Nauka

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2020

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issue 2

EN

The growing popularity of so-called cognitive enhancement technologies raises questions about their impact on the sphere of individual legal responsibility. This article examines the issue of whether, in a situation where a surgeon, prone to making a fatigue-related medical error, refuses to undergo a safe cognitive enhancement before surgery, the surgeon can be attributed liability for damages. The answer to this question is negative, however, as indicated in the article, the impossibility of attributing damages is a result of (1) the lack of professional guidelines requiring doctors to undergo cognitive enhancement; (2) the lack of scientific evidence that the use of such measures results in the elimination of fatigue and reduces the risk of error. As a result, the negative answer to the analyzed question is not determined by the solution of the model of liability for damages adopted in Polish law, but rather by the current state of research on cognitive improvement. This gives the analysis a universal character and makes it possible to relate the method adopted in it to new results of research on means of cognitive enhancement if any.

6

The limits of freedom and responsibility of learned

93%

Michałek R.

Nauka

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2008

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issue 3

EN

The article describes the notion of of the learning with its manifold functions and on this background set the intellectual and moral requirements to its creators.

7

Rôzne pohľady na zodpovednosť v zdravotníckom systéme

93%

Kaššaiová Z.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2019

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vol. 13

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issue 2

47-57

EN

The science and technology are evolving incredibly fast. Despite that, the healthcare system has a lot of insufficiencies and medical failures happen consistently. In recent years the focus has been on increasing the quality of healthcare. According to statistics from national studies from different European countries, 8 to 10 % of mistakes are being caused by the human factor. In this text I discuss the most fundamental concepts of individual and collective guilt and point out that in healthcare system are individuals often part of a team and it is not possible to determine unambiguously the individual responsibility. In spite of this the dominant culture of guilt tends to penalize the individual. In my opinion, the urgency of this topic in Slovakia and The Czech Republic is emphasized by the increasing number of cases of failure which are being discussed in the media. Therefore I point out even possible impact of media and the guilt culture on the medical professional who fail and simultaneously I conclude that blaming the individual does not make the system safer. Our focus should rather be centred on showing that an individual can be incautious. However when the mistake happens we should appeal to improving the system and a prevention of this type of mistakes. Only this way we can change the culture of guilt to a culture of safety and improve the healthcare.

SK

Veda a technológie idú neuveriteľnou rýchlosťou dopredu. Napriek tomu má zdravotnícky systém veľa nedostatkov a medicínske chyby sa stávajú neustále. V posledných rokoch sa pozornosť upriamuje na zlepšenie kvality zdravotnej starostlivosti. Podľa štatistík z národných štúdií v rôznych európskych krajinách, 8 – 10 % chýb je spôsobené ľudským faktorom. V tomto texte som prebrala najzákladnejšie koncepty individuálnej a kolektívnej zodpovednosti a poukazujem na to, že v zdravotníckom systéme sú jednotlivci častokrát súčasťou tímov a nie je možné jednoznačne určiť individuálnu zodpovednosť. Napriek tomu prevladajúca kultúra viny smeruje k sankciovaniu jednotlivca. Domnievam sa, že aktuálnosť témy na Slovensku aj v Českej republike je posilnená zvyšujúcim sa počtom prípadov pochybení, ktoré sú rozoberané v médiách. Preto poukazujem aj na možný dopad médií a kultúry viny na zdravotníckeho profesionála, ktorý pochybí, a zároveň dochádzam k záveru, že obviňovanie jednotlivca nerobí systém bezpečnejším. Naše zameranie by skôr malo smerovať na preukázanie, že jednotlivec môže byť neopatrný. Ale ak sa už stane chyba, apelovať by sme mali na zlepšenie systému a prevenciu pred rovnakými chybami. Iba takto dokážeme premeniť kultúru viny na kultúru bezpečnosti a zlepšiť zdravotnú starostlivosť.

8

Odpowiedzialność niesienia pomocy a pomoc odpowiedzialna

93%

Mizdrak I.

Prakseologia

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2012

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issue 153

67-85

EN

The subject of the present study is help; the foremost ontological condition of its realization (besides intellectual disposition, ethical qualiﬁcations, love and others) is responsibility, which constitutes a person’s humanity and thereby makes a unique contribution to the formation of his/her inner structure. Through responsible help we can perform genuine acts of mercy towards our neighbour and carry a small part of his/ her personal fate. The aim of the study is to reﬁne the concept of responsible help and to indicate its several modes in the formation of a person’s humanity. The essence of responsible help is investigated; it presupposes rationality of action, prudence in doing good, and freedom as the fundamental condition of conscious response to values. The reﬁnement of the concept of responsible help is based on the analyses of the virtues of muniﬁcence and magnanimity (Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas) and generosity (J.Tischner). Despite their complex nature, these virtues are deﬁnable through an analysis of instances of appropriate help to others.

9

Zagadnienie myślenia i odpowiedzialności w filozoficznej refleksji Hannah Arendt

93%

Szary S.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2020

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issue 37

75-89

EN

The problem of responsibility became, particularly in the second half of the twentieth century, one of the most important subjects of philosophical reflection. Many thinkers, including Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Lévinas, Karl Jaspers and Hans Jonas, expressed their views about it. The evil of totalitarian systems became the main experience triggering discussion about responsibility. The reflection included in Hannah Arendt’s works is an important voice in the debate and it remains up-to-date despite the passage of time. Arendt demonstrated the multidimensional and dramatic character of responsibility by presenting the meanings of vita contemplativa and vita activa in reference to every person’s existence. The thinker was searching for the answer to the question about the essence of responsibility. Today, she still introduces the readers of her works and the listeners of numerous interviews she gave to a more profound understanding of responsibility-related experiences. In my humble opinion, the greatest value of philosophical interpretation of Hannah Arendt’s works is the fact that they still remain constructive reflections. Their influence is not limited to shaping one’s mind only. It goes deeper and develops our attitudes, including the attitude to properly understood responsibility.

10

Socrates and Business Ethics. Considerations on the ethical origins of responsibility

93%

Podrez E.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 8

7-18

EN

The presented work attempts to show a link between business and global responsibility, and the Socratic idea of self-knowledge. Today’s ethics discusses the fundamental issues of man’s place in the world. The human existence is one of the causes of the contemporary crisis. This crisis between man and the world obliges us to raise a radical question of the ethical origins of individual and global responsibility for the quality of life and the future of human generations. This question requires going back to the historical and ethical considerations about the Socratic project of the good life. The starting point for Socratic ethics is an inter-personal and inner-personal dialogue; the subsequent result is man’s practical wisdom of how to build his life with others. Socrates argues that the key issue of responsibility is the awakening of self-awareness and the way to achieve this objective is through dialogue.

11

Sokrates a etyka biznesu (Rozważania o etycznych źródłach odpowiedzialności)

93%

Podrez E.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The presented work attempts to show a link between business and global responsibility with the Socratic idea of self-knowledge. The today’s ethics discusses the fundamental issues of the man’s place in the world. The human existence is one of the causes of the contemporary crisis. This crisis between man and the world obliges us to raise a radical question of the ethical origins of individual and global responsibility for the quality of life, including also the future human generations. This question requires going back to the historical and ethical considerations about the Socratic project of good life. The starting point for the Socratic ethics is an interpersonal and inner-personal dialogue; the subsequent result of that is man’s practical wisdom of how to build his own life together with others. Socrates argues that the key issue of responsibility is awakening of self-awareness and the way to achieve this objective is dialogue.

12

Innovation and CSR Impact on Financial Performance of Selected Companies in Mexico

93%

Durán-Vázquez R., Lorenzo-Valdés A., Moreno-Quezada G. E.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 3

5-20

EN

This study analyzes the behavior of the companies in the index of México’s Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC), with respect to measures of financial performance and its relationship with the two main approaches of innovation, according to the Bogota and Oslo manuals; assessing their impact on the stock price. The data is used on a quarterly basis from January 2000 to December 2011. It also makes reference to the impact of having the distinction “Socially Responsible Company” (Corporate Social Responsibility), in the Mexican stock market price reaction. Our main interest is to be pioneers in the search for relationships between topics that are currently treated as “alien” (CSR and Innovation) in formal academic publications, but we intuitively know that they are related inside organizations.

13

Perspectivas de la etica civil. Valores democraticos y virtudes civicas

93%

Ferrer U.

Studia Ełckie

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2012

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vol. 14

81-93

EN

The paper starts with focusing on three forms in which ‘Civil Ethics’ can be considered, accord-ing to whether we approach it from the minimum Ethics common to the citizens, or universal rights, or the ethical backbone of civil society. Subsequently, the paper examines historical rea-sons that account for the imposition of the above mentioned. Which would there be the most suitable one? If civil freedom and equality are to be ethical and metaphysical mainstays of democ-ratic values, the article shows the weakness of the first two approaches. As the third one is con-cerned, it seems to be fruitful insofar as democratic values are accompanied by civic virtues, which are the only ones that can make them effective. The article is concluded with an analysis of the virtues of responsibility, strength, and prudence with the particular connotation that they have in the realm of public life.

14

Odpowiedzialność administracyjna i karna beneficjentów pomocy z Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich

93%

Wojciechowski P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

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vol. 10

281-306

EN

Beneficiaries of financial support from the Rural Development Programs and applicants for that support are exposed to different types of liability, regulated by both the EU rules (concerning CAP) and local rules. The article presents these kinds of responsibilities and describes their characteristics. The responsibility of key importance is the one incurred under the provisions of EU law. This involves inter alia the obligation to repay the received support and reduction or exclusion from the support. The application of a specific sanction provided for this type of liability is dependent on „size” of the infringement and the degree of culpability; where the least severe sanctions are imposed regardless of fault (objective responsibility). Furthermore, beneficiaries and applicants for support are liable to the penalty provided for by national law. Author concludes that rules of responsibility in the EU legislation concerning the CAP constitute administrative type responsibility, which is not of a criminal nature, and therefore in the light of the ne bis in idem principle, it is acceptable to use to the same person in connection with the same action both responsibilities, like the penalty laid down in EU regulations concerning CAP and criminal penalties provided for in the rules of criminal law.

15

Czy firma ma sumienie? Refleksje o podmiotowości moralnej organizacji

93%

Bąk D.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 3

7-21

EN

Contemporary organizations are one of the most important actors in social life. This is particularly true of business organizations whose activity often has extremely moral consequences. The aim of the paper is to present the problem of moral subjectivity and reflection on the possibility of recognizing an organization as a moral subject. The basis for the considerations were three reference points developed in subsequent parts of the article. The first is the category of moral responsibility. The second concerns the approach of moral subjectivity through the process of moral development. The third point is the category of conscience. Each of these points has been described as an attribute of a moral subject. On the basis of the examples, comments and discussions cited, the arguments for and against the attribution of the organization of moral subjectivity were confronted.

PL

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16

Organizacja zwiedzania Sejmu przez zgłoszoną przez posła grupę osób z jego okręgu wyborczego

93%

Niewęgłowski K.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2023

|

issue 1(77)

263-270

EN

The linguistic interpretation of the Resolution on the financing of visits to the Sejm by parliamen‑ tary groups leads to the conclusion that it is the Deputy who organises the visit to the Sejm for the group he/she has registered. However, the resolution does not use the term “organiser” and there‑ fore does not impose any specific obligations. In the case of damage caused in connection with the action or omission of a particular entity, the general principles of liability for tort (delict) apply.

17

„Nienasyceni adrenaliną”. Aspekt etyczny sportów ekstremalnych

93%

Bilik G.

Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki

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2015

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vol. 5

PL

In our modern times in all walks of life the possibilities for expanding human activities is a widely discussed issue. It is especially valid in extreme sports where the line between the death and life is very thin. The price paid by such extreme performers poses a question about the ethical aspect of their spectacular performances and their motivation behind them. Thus the question about the responsibility for their own lives and particularly about the lives of the others is put forward.

18

Odpowiedzialność gminy w związku ze zmianą lub uchwaleniem miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego na tle orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego

93%

Popardowski P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

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vol. 10

212-224

EN

The aim of the article is to present the essence and function of the municipality responsibility to the owner (perpetual usufructuary) of the real property related with the adoption or amendment of the local master plan pursuant to Section 36 of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development of 27 March 2003. The aim of the Author is also to highlight essential interpreting problems concerning Section 36 of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development which have been revealed under the ruling of the Supreme Court. The paper describes in detail which legal and financial results does the local master plan bring for a person when coming into force. The Act determines the extent of the allowable entitlement of the owner of the real property to make use of their right, but it also may influence the value of the real property included in such a plan. As a result, entering into force of the local master plan may affect the owner’s right to make use of the real property and decrease its value. The above implications constitute the basic reason for ascribing responsibility to municipality pursuant to Section 36 of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development. In attempt to analyze the legal character of the municipality responsibility pursuant to Section 36 of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development, it was also referred to rules of the Supreme Court. According to that some essential interpreting doubts were highlighted which were evident in the rules of the Supreme Court concerning the local master plan. They referred to: 1) the concept of damage and ways of assessing its value, 2) the stipulation for units entitled to assert their claims pursuant to Section 36 (1 and 3) of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development, 3) interpretation of requirements for municipality responsibility.

19

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ И БЛАГОТВОРИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕ. К ВОПРОСУ О МОТИВАЦИИ

93%

Lizakowska S.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2017

|

issue 1

47-58

EN

The motivation and its influence on social responsibility in a democratic state depends from the system of individual values, its readiness for a particular way of actions, which includes, firstly, the common system of individual values, secondly, the system of social attitudes. The influence of the motivation on a charity is very broad — from religious beliefs, the need for help, to the ability of the decrease a tax. Motives of a rational, economic nature have a reference to a particular situation and ensure to individual conditions that actually are existed. The level of a spiritual and moral culture of man manifests not only in the understanding of the phenomenon and the essence of charity, but also in the structure of the motives of this activity, the choice of its form and instruments in a democratic state.

20

Provincial Commission for Adjudication of Medical Events as an alternative choice of indemnization of medical damage – functional and system analysis

93%

Sławomir Porada S., Paulina Hejda P., Agnieszka Hubert-Lutecka A., Monika Binkowska-Bury M.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2018

|

issue 4

323-329

EN

Introduction. Since January 1, 2012 a patient who suffered so-called medical damage has the right to choose between two alternative routes to compensate for medical damages, i.e. legal or extrajudicial. Aim. To present the consequences of the out-of-court compensation for medical damages for patients on the basis of existing legal acts and the literature. Materials and methods. The analysis of legal acts and literature regarding extrajudicial compensation. Conclusions. The provisions regulating the out-of-court medical compensation for patients are inconsistent and unclear. As a result of the application of the regulations in force by Provincial Commission for Adjudication of Medical Events, there are difficulties for the injured patients to receive compensation or redress. The analysis of legal acts and literature shows that only court proceedings are the most effective way to assert their rights for patients who have suffered so-called medical damage.

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