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Świątynia królowej Hatszepsut - badania i prace ekipy Pracowni Konserwacji Zabytków

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Wysocki Z.

Ochrona Zabytków

1983

issue 1-2

69-81

The article describes conservation, research and performance works carried out in Deir-el-Bahari on the temple of the Queen of Hatszepsust, 18th-century ruler of Pharao dynasty. The temple was erected in the 15th century B.C. The author reported the history of its erection. The architecture, harmonizing finely with the surroundings, with a definitely axial setting, accentuated in the facade with a number of porticos that climb with terraces towards an amphitheatre which surrounded the valley of worn-out and ominous rock massif, offers a magnificent panorama. In 1961 a Polish station of the Mediterranean Archeology of Warsaw University in Cairo, headed by Professor Kazimierz Michałowski, acquired a licence to continue works carried out by the predecessors. In 1968 the first group of Polish specialists from the Monuments Conservation Workshop le ft for Deir-el Bahari. The first stage outlined a scope of conservation works and specified elements of the temple to be attended to. Just as the primary task was to restore original architectural proportions to the structure, the stress was put on the main portico and the west protective wall and the top courtyard of the temple. The biggest success in the initial stage of works was the uncovering of the rock shelf hewn by the builders, which runs through the entire width of the highest terrace. This was done during the clearing of the west rock slope after an earthquake and a stone avalanche that afflicted Deir- -el-Bahard. This made it possible for Polish conservators to solve the problem which until then had not allowed for a decision as to the scope of conservation works on some element of the structure. The described discovery enabled the conservators to make a decision on the reconstruction of the uncovered shelf, which at the same time helped to restore the outside block of the building and guaranteed the only possibility to safeguard the building. The missing part of the shelf has been reconstructed by means of new materials — cross-shaped reinforced concrete plates have been used to reduce a future breaking-up of this part of the building, in case of a new catastrophe, i.e. if the rock abruptness was knocked down. In the opinion of Polish specialites this was an interesting technical solution. Having in mind the primary function, concrete arched vaulting was adopted, erected over the ancient construction. At the moment the works are being completed and now the only thing to be yet done is to pile up an absorbing sand cushion an the entire surface of the recreated shelf. This solution has been checked in practice — every year many barrows of rock splinters which had fallen down on the site of the temple are collected. The introduction of concrete cannot of course provide a full protection against, should it occur, the coming off of a rock weighing thousands of tons and hitting the structure from the height of 100 meters. Conservation works covered also a reintegration of its proto-Doric column. This was possible thanks to research works carried out by a mission of the Polish Archaeological Station. During the works in Deir-el-Bahari two unknown niches were uncovered in the first room of the main sanctuary, restored later. Concluding his article, the author points out that to complete in full conservation works in Deir-el-Bahari one would need still a few years’ time.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Wysocki Z.

1 1983

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Świątynia królowej Hatszepsut - badania i prace ekipy Pracowni Konserwacji Zabytków