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EN
The article contains an analysis of the concept of ‘aspect of the verbal action’ inaccordance with the assumptions of leading linguists, aspectual-semantic classificationof resultative constructions of the Ukrainian language, the statistical observation of the qualitativeand quantitative availability of resultatives in lexicographical works in the XX–XXI centuries.The article examines the factors determining resultatives: functions, correlative with thesemantics of the verb-motivator. The study classified lexical units, which represent the resultsof the basis of the value of the verb-motivator; lexical units formed from basic motivators, wherethe result of the action – the acquisition of a specific optical characteristic; lexical units indicatingthe result at which action cannot continue. The analysis of the category of resultatives was carriedout taking into account the quantitative and qualitative changes. The category of resultative isconsidered an open system that responds to the needs of real phenomena.
EN
The article contains an analysis of the concept of ‘aspect of the verbal action’ inaccordance with the assumptions of leading linguists, aspectual-semantic classificationof resultative constructions of the Ukrainian language, the statistical observation of the qualitativeand quantitative availability of resultatives in lexicographical works in the XX–XXI centuries.The article examines the factors determining resultatives: functions, correlative with thesemantics of the verb-motivator. The study classified lexical units, which represent the resultsof the basis of the value of the verb-motivator; lexical units formed from basic motivators, wherethe result of the action – the acquisition of a specific optical characteristic; lexical units indicatingthe result at which action cannot continue. The analysis of the category of resultatives was carriedout taking into account the quantitative and qualitative changes. The category of resultative isconsidered an open system that responds to the needs of real phenomena.
EN
: The article deals with the research of the resultatives of the Ukrainian language: of the formal-grammatical types, of the peculiarities of functioning. The paper presents an interpretation of the notion “resultative” in the modern linguistic literature, it distinguishes types of the forms of the resultatives. Further, a definition of the term “resultative” is offered. Resultative constructions are described in connection with the extralinguistic phenomena by means of reception of external interpretation. The reception of interlevel interpretation allowed to trace connections of resultatives with other language units. Resultative constructions are investigated on the basis of other units in their proximity in a context: influence of context on resultative / stative / passive / perfect value of lexeme on the basis of the methodology of a distributive analysis of a structural method. The reception of substitution is applied for authentication of language units.
EN
The article compares the use of passive participles in the spoken corpus of Czech (Oral_v4) and in speeches and dialogues recorded at local council meetings (from three towns in the Czech Republic). Although the Czech passive voice is considered to be used mainly in written texts and is sometimes even labelled as bookish, passive participles are quite common both in the spoken corpus and at the local council meetings. The analysis shows that passive participle use in the said domains differs both in frequency and in relation to grammatical, syntactical and semantic categories. In the Oral_v4 spoken corpus, which consists of everyday conversation, the most frequent grammatical form of the passive participle is the neuter singular, used typically to form not the passive voice, but the resultative, together with both the verbs být (=to be, e.g. je zavřeno) and mít (=to have, e.g. má zavřeno). On the other hand, in speeches and dialogues at local council meetings, the passive participle is used mostly to form the passive voice and none of its possible grammatical forms prevails significantly.
EN
Subjective resultatives (SR) are constructed from intransitive verbs that denote a change of state. In Czech, a participle in -l- is often used. Russian is said to have only very restricted SR as most intransitive non-reflexive verbs do not form a “passive” participle in n-/t. Indeed, in parallel texts from the Czech National Corpus, Russian very often uses other constructions where Czech uses a SR construction. However, the evidence also shows that at least in some cases Russian past active participles in -(в)ш- can be found in SR constructions. This formal type has been practically omitted in the literature so far. Evidence from the Russian National Corpus indicates that semantically it seems rather close to Czech SR. Its productivity, restrictions and other parameters will have to be subject to further investigation — as well as many aspects of Czech subjective resultatives.
EN
Until recently, the full form of the n-/t-participle was tagged in the Czech National Corpus as a common adjective. Only with the new corpus SYN2020 a special tag was introduced. This allows for research the role of both the short and the full form of the n-/t-participle with resultatives in written Standard Czech texts. The results show that the full form of the participle has in most contexts a significantly higher frequency than the short form. The only excerptions are subject and object resultatives without subject (Je zataženo / Je otevřeno) and possessive resultatives without object (Mají zavřeno), both with the participle in the neuter singular form. In these cases the full forms seldom occur in actual written Czech texts. The use of the new tag in other corpora than SYN2020 will allow for better research of full forms of the n-/t-participle in Czech, not only in resultative constructions.
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