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EN
The idea of retrospective voting refers to voting decisions that are based on an evaluation of how the government has managed the economy. Research on economic voting in Poland have been carried out from the beginning of the democratic transformation, focusing on isolating and testing of the transition model specific to the countries of Central Europe. Its differentiating feature is a novel way of simultaneously joining the retrospective and prospective motivations in the behaviour of voters, compared to the conventional model present in consolidated democracies. The retrospective voting model is defined as deciding whether to reward or punish the incumbent party on the basis of past policy performance. Based on analysis and own research, the presented paper evidences that the validity of applying the transitional model in the study of economic voting in Poland has been exhausted, as the retrospective motivation is nowadays predominant in the decisions of voters.
EN
Research on economic voting in Poland have been carried out from the beginning of the democratic transformation, focusing on isolating and testing of the transition model specific to the countries of Central Europe. Its differentiating feature is a novel way of simultaneously joining the retrospective and prospective motivations in the behavior of voters, compared to the conventional model present in consolidated democracies. The purpose of the present article is to attempt to determine the relationship between the two types of electoral motivations identified above in the parliamentary elections, starting with the election of 1991 and ending with the 2011 elections. Based on analysis and constructive criticism of findings of other researchers and own research, the presented paper evidences that the validity of applying the transitional odel in the study of economic voting in Poland has been exhausted, as the prospective motivation is nowadays predominant in the decisions of voters.
EN
Despite numerous publications on the subject, there is still no agreement as to the sense of political marketing, its nature and aims. The article `The Impact of Voter Behaviour on the Time Span of Political Marketing' touches upon the fundamental issue of the essence of marketing activities on a political market. The author seeks to answer the question: Should (in the light of efficiency criterion) political marketing be only one of manifestations of a party's electoral activity, or should all party's activity - both between and during campaigns - be based on a long-term marketing strategy? The starting point is the analysis of theoretical models of voter behaviour supported with an empirical research carried out by the author from September 1997 to September 2001 in Poland. The conclusion of this analysis is that reducing marketing activities only to campaign communications curtails its efficiency. Therefore, all marketing activities should be based on a long-term marketing strategy which covers a party's activity both between and during election campaigns.
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