Artykuł przedstawia bootstrapową ocenę wieloczynnikowej efektywności portfeli Famy-Frencha formowanych na polskim rynku akcji. Zastosowane metody oceniają charakter zmian stóp zwrotu w zależności od zmian czynników Famy-Frencha. Wektory ryzyka i premii za ryzyko oszacowano w okresie 1995–2010 oraz dwóch podokresach. Zastosowanie modelu Famy-Frencha do budowy portfeli inwestycyjnych pozwala na wysunięcie wielu wskazówek użytecznych dla inwestorów i zarządzających portfelami akcji. Wyniki analizy pokazują, że zastosowanie metod bootstrap pozwala na dokładniejszą estymację badanych parametrów. Umożliwia to lepszą ocenę zmian stóp zwrotu niż klasyczne procedury oparte na założeniach rozkładów normalnych.
EN
This paper presents the use of bootstrap method to assess the multifactor-effi ciency of Fama-French portfolios formed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The presented methods estimate the nature of return changes infl uenced by the Fama-French factors. The risk and risk premium vectors are determined for full-sample observations (1995–2010) and two sub-periods. Using of the Fama-French model to forming the investment portfolios leads to a number of conclusions that may be useful for investors and portfolio managers. The results ofthe analysis show that application of bootstrap methods allows a better estimation of the parameters concerned. This provides a better approximation of returns changes than the classic procedures based on the assumption of normal distribution.
RU
Статья представляет бутстрепную оценку многофакторной эффективности портфеля Фамы-Френча на польском рынке акций. Примененные методы оценивают характер изменений норм окупаемости в зависимости от изменений факторов Фамы-Френча. Векторы риска и премии за риск были оценены за период 1995-2010, а также в двух субпериодах. Применение модели Фамы-Френча для построения инвестиционных портфелей, позволяет сформулировать указания, полезные для инвесторов и управляющих портфелями акций. Результаты анализа указы- вают, что применение метода бутстреп позволяет сделать более точную эстимацию изучаемых параметров, что помогает лучше оценить изменения норм окупаемости по сравнению с классическими процедурами, опирающимися на нормальное распределение.
Research on the pricing of stocks listed on the Polish market shows a contradiction with the classic CAPM. The results of these studies are consistent with the results carried out on other developed markets. The reasons for inconsistent pricing are not known; this is the main objective of this work. It is a continuation of the authors’ previous work on the impact of speculation and penny stocks on the pricing in light of the ICAPM. Despite the scientific justifications for pricing in light of the ICAPM, a common estimate of the capital cost for companies is still performed on the basis of the classic CAPM. It has been conjectured that speculative stocks contribute to incompatible pricing in light of the CAPM. The elimination of speculative stocks would allow for the proper estimate of the cost of capital without the need of complicated and laborious ICAPM applications. The research is conducted on the basis of stocks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange from 1995 through 2012. The tested period is divided into two separate sub-periods: 1995–2005 (the years preceding Poland’s accession to the EU) and 2005–12 (the years of Poland’s membership in the EU). The analyzed stocks are grouped into quintile portfolios according to two variants. The pricing tests are carried out in three modes. In Mode, 1 all listed stocks are analyzed. In Modes 2 and 3, speculative stocks are excluded from the study. The research results prove the validity of the adopted conjectures.
Research carried out over recent years shows that speculative stock are the reason for inconsistent pricing of stock with the classic CAPM. The present work is an attempt to explain the impact of speculative stock on pricing in light of the ICAPM. The study is conducted using stocks quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) in 1995–2012. The systematic risk and risk prices components are simulated by two chosen multifactor applications, with different procedures of portfolio construction. The investigated stocks are classified into quaintile portfolios according to established procedures. It has been assumed that both speculative stocks and improper algorithm for the test portfolios sorting contribute to inconsistent stock pricing in light of the ICAPM. As a result, tests are carried out in three modes. All WSE stocks are analyzed in mode 1. In modes 2 and 3 speculative stocks are excluded from the study. The analysis indicate that the results are in line with the extended conjectures.
Oryginality and objective – Research on the pricing of stocks listed on developed markets shows inexplicable deviation from the pricing that could be observed with CAPM validity. A similar anomaly is found on the Polish market. Reasons for inconsistent pricing with CAPM are unknown, and they are the main objective of this research. Method – The study is conducted using stocks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1995–2012. Quintile stock portfolios are formed on the basis of strategies widely used by investors. The study is carried out in several modes. In the subsequent modes penny stocks with the market values below 0.5, 1.5, 5.0 and 15.0 PLN are eliminated. Results – It is conjectured that both penny stocks and improper procedures for the test portfolios forming contribute to inconsistent stock pricing in light of the CAPM. The studies show that results are in line with the extended conjectures. Also, study results indicate that speculative stocks are mostly penny stocks, however, it is not possible to explicitly state that penny stock are speculative.
The aim of this work is the use of bootstrap methods for assessing of returns and risk of stock described by a small-to-moderate time series data. The paper presents the possibility of using bootstrap for testing the selected ICAPM application. We estimate systematic risk and risk premium components, depending on the fundamental risk factors. We compare bootstrap and classical asymptotic GLS results. The authors analyze quarterly returns of stocks listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1995-2010. The full-sample observations are divided into two separate sub-periods: 1995-2004, the years preceding Poland's accession to the EU, and 2005-2010, the years of Poland's membership in the UE. The components of risk premium change in the second sub-period. Also, we test the multifactor-efficiency (ME) of the generated portfolios. GRS and asymptotic Wald tests reject ME. However, the bootstrapped Wald test does not reject ME for the tested cases. Using the tested ICAPM application to forming ME portfolios makes it possible to offer a number of useful guidelines for portfolio managers.
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy jest zastosowanie metod bootstrap do oszacowania stóp zwrotu i ryzyka akcji opisanych krótkimi szeregami czasowymi. Artykuł prezentuje możliwość zastosowania metod bootstrap do testowania wybranej aplikacji ICAPM. My szacujemy składowe ryzyka systematycznego i premii za ryzyko, w zależności od fundamentalnych czynników ryzyka. Porównujemy wyniki otrzymane metodami bootstrap i klasyczną uogólnioną metodą najmniejszych kwadratów. Analizie poddajemy kwartalne stopy zwrotu akcji notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w latach 1995-2010. Wszystkie obserwacji dzielimy na dwa podokresy: 1995-2004 (okres poprzedzający wejście Polski do Unii Europejskiej) oraz 2005-2010 (okres członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej). Składowe premii za ryzyko ulegają zmianie w drugim pod- okresie. My testujemy również wieloczynnikową efektywność (ME) generowanych portfeli. Test GRS oraz asymptotyczny test Walda odrzuca ME. Natomiast bootstrapowy test Walda, w żadnym badanym przypadku nie odrzuca ME. Zastosowanie testowanej aplikacji ICAPM do budowy portfeli wieloczynnikowo efektywnych pozwala na wyciągnięcie wielu użytecznych wskazówek dla zarządzających portfelami inwestycyjnymi.
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