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EN
Jan Patočka (1907–1977) approached Johannes Amos Comenius as a fellow-philosopher, while admiring him also for his intellectual and moral steadfastness. He studied Comenius as a philosopher from the thirties onwards, stressing the latter's unique position in the history of Czech and European thought. Patočka's many Comeniological publications were analysed and highly appreciated by fellow-Comeniologists. In the first volume, containing correspondence with Czech friends and colleagues, letters start in the early thirties, but Comeniology, including the vicissitudes surrounding the edition of Comenius's complete works, come to the fore from the late fifties onwards. Correspondents include friends and colleagues such as Josef Brambora and Antonín Škarka and a few older colleagues. A large number of letters was exchanged with Comenius's biographer Milada Blekastad and with the young philosopher Stanislav Sousedík. The second volume comprises letters exchanged with only a few foreign correspondents: next to the Ukrainian scholar Dmytro Čyževskyj and the French colleague Marcelle Denis, a personal friend of Patočka's, the greater part of the volume is filled with letters to and from the German scholar and personal friend Klaus Schaller. These two volumes add much to our understanding of Patočka's nearly lifelong and profound interest in Comenius's thought. The intellectual acumen and constant engagement reflected in these letters must have meant much to Patočka and his Comeniological correspondents in and outside Czechoslovakia. Maybe these exchanges of letters brought some light and consolation even in the darkest of times.
EN
Over the past thirty years there has been a substantial change in how home is understood in the social sciences. While it is still possible to discern the influence of phenomenology on contemporary thinking about home, the studies presently at the forefront of the geography, anthropology, and sociology of home largely reflect the impact of critical social theory and the cultural and spatial turn in the social sciences, and they have also made the lines between these disciplines blurrier. This article primarily aims to provide readers with an overview of the developments in the field and to explore contemporary approaches to home as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It also seeks to unravel the developments and topical shifts in (largely English-language) studies of home and to present the current Czech approach to the issue, which are both influenced by the contemporary focus on home as the site of the continuous production, consumption, and negotiation of meanings and identities, and by an emphasis on the everyday experience of home.
EN
Japanese historian Fujii Kazuo, for four decades has been taking up topics related mainly to various aspects of the nineteenth-century history of Lodz, and above all, he is concerned with the different development of this urban center during the partitions not only in Poland, but also in Central and Eastern Europe. Many years ago he devoted his first monograph to this subject, and the currently reviewed book, is a kind of summary of the research work of this Japanese researcher of social and economic history at the time of his retirement. According to his thesis, Lodz, which did not have noble traditions and did not play the role of a political center such as Warsaw, in the 19th century, together with the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, became a great city, unique in the scale of the Russian partition. The dynamism of the development of modern industry in it was the enormous activity of local entrepreneurs, mainly of German and Jewish origin, who, however, permanently penetrated the fabric of the city, creating their “little homeland”.
PL
Japoński historyk Fujii Kazuo, od czterech dekad podejmuje tematy zawiązane głównie z różnymi aspektami XIX-wiecznych dziejów Łodzi, a przede wszystkim zajmuje go odmienność rozwoju tego ośrodka miejskiego w czasach zaborów w skali nie tylko ziem polskich, ale Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Tej tematyce poświęcił już wiele lat temu pierwszą monografię, a obecnie recenzowana książka, stanowi niejako podsumowanie prac badawczych tego japońskiego badacza dziejów społecznych i gospodarczych w momencie przejścia na emeryturę. Według jego tezy, Łódź, która nie posiadała tradycji szlacheckich, ani nie odgrywała roli centrum politycznego, jakim była Warszawa, w XIX stuleciu właśnie wraz ze stolicą Królestwa Polskiego stała się wyjątkowym w skali zaboru rosyjskiego wielkim miastem. Dynamizmem rozwoju w nim nowoczesnego przemysłu stała się ogromna aktywność tutejszych przedsiębiorców, głównie pochodzenia niemieckiego i żydowskiego, którzy jednak na trwałe wnikali w tkankę miasta, tworząc swoją „małą ojczyzną”.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki umieralności niemowląt w polskich badaniach historycznych oraz scharakteryzowanie ważniejszych prac skupiających się na powyższym zagadnieniu. Autor poddaje analizie około siedemdziesiąt pozycji naukowych, aby odpowiedzieć na zasadnicze pytanie, w jakim zakresie poruszana jest w nich tematyka dotycząca zgonów dzieci, które nie ukończyły pierwszego roku życia. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w poszczególnych grupach prac badawczych umieralność niemowląt jest najczęściej przedstawiana w sposób ogólny oraz schematyczny. Kilkanaście prac przedstawia rzeczony problem w pobocznym nurcie zainteresowania badawczego, a tylko kilka polskich publikacji traktuje umieralność najmłodszych dzieci jako główny nurt badania i omawia zagadnienie wieloaspektowo i w szerszym kontekście.
EN
The article presents infant mortality in Polish historical research and points towards more important works focusing on the above issue. The author analyses approximately seventy academic works in order to answer the fundamental question as to what extent they deal with the issue of deaths in children under the age of one. The research shows that, in particular groups of research papers, infant mortality is most often presented in a general and formulaic manner. A dozen or so papers present this problem as a side issue in their research and only a few Polish studies have infant mortality as their main issue and discuss it in a multi-faceted and broader context.
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