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Wybrane problemy profesjonalizacji organów probacyjnych i klasyfikacji sprawców oddanych pod dozór do grup ryzyka

100%
Stańdo-Kawecka B.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2014
|
vol. 33
11 - 39
EN
A large prison population and high costs of the prison service contribute to rising interest in problems concerning effective correctional interventions and reduction of reoffending. In recent years, efforts aiming at reducing reoffending have resulted in many countries in significant reforms of national probation systems. Professionalization of probation agencies in order to improve their effectiveness has focused on two processes: risk assessment as well as implementation of interventions targeting dynamic risk factors (risk management). In Poland, the requirement to assess the offenders’ risk of reoffending was introduced in 2013 by the order of the Minister of Justice. The purpose of this regulation was to adjust — at least to aminimal extent — Polish probation officers’ activities to model of functioning of probation agencies in the United States, Canada and Western Europe, as well as to recommendations included in the European probation rules. Unlike these countries, the probation service in Poland does not have structured risk assessment tools. The order issued by the Minister of Justice provides for only the classification of supervised offenders into risk groups based on arbitrary, rigid and controversial criteria which has little in common with building the probation service focused on risk management in the meaning of current European standards.
2
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Próba implementacji kurateli klinicznej i menedżeryzmu w dozorach probacyjnych

100%
Węgliński A.
Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny
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2024
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vol. 43
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issue 1
193-212
EN
Introduction: At present in many countries the model of the work of probation officers has been subordinated to the case management method. In the Ministry of Justice started work on combining the resocialization treatment by probation officers with the assessment of recidivism risk in convicts classified into three groups of recidivism. In this manner, the probation methodology can shift from educational purposes to prevention and control. The principal goal of the proposed solutions was to turn probation officers into a professional service responsible for the protection of society and probationers themselves against next criminal acts. Research Aim: This is a review article. Its purpose to present the course of the reform of guardianship for adults after the political transformation. Evidence-based Facts: While preparing new solutions did not pay sufficient attention to the moment of implementation of the proposed recidivism risk management model into the practice of conducting probation supervisions, grading of control and adjustment of resocialization programs to different risk groups. The unprofessional implementation of the recidivism risk management model may result in the mass exclusion of the convicted persons from resocialization in an open environment. Summary: The probation officers were not prepared to recognize the criminogenic needs of the probationers. When formulating forecast, they use a very limited list of predictors of the future criminal behaviour of the probationers. This means that the probation officers must be equipped with appropriate, reliable, proven and structured recidivism risk estimation tools.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Współcześnie w wielu krajach system probacji został podporządkowany metodzie zarządzania przypadkiem. W Ministerstwie Sprawiedliwości rozpoczęto prace nad połączeniem oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych kuratorów z oceną ryzyka przestępczości powrotnej skazanych zaklasyfikowanych do grupy ryzyka recydywy. W metodyce wykonywania dozoru może nastąpić przesunięcie akcentów z celów wychowawczych na rzecz celów prewencyjno-kontrolnych. Wiodącym kierunkiem zaproponowanych rozwiązań jest uczynienie z kuratorów profesjonalnej służby probacyjnej odpowiedzialnej za ochronę społeczeństwa i podopiecznych przed kolejnymi aktami kryminalnymi. Cel badań: Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Jego celem jest ukazanie przebiegu reformy kurateli dla dorosłych po przemianie ustrojowej. Stan wiedzy: Przy opracowywaniu nowych rozwiązań w metodyce wykonywania dozorów nie zwrócono dostatecznej uwagi na moment implantacji modelu zarządzania ryzkiem recydywy do praktyki wykonywania dozorów. Nieprofesjonalne wdrażanie systemu menedżerskiego i nadmierne koncentrowanie się na poprawie jurydycznej skazanych bez dostatecznego udziału dozorowanych w programach resocjalizacyjnych może skutkować masowym wykluczaniem probantów z możliwości resocjalizacji w środowisku otwartym. Podsumowanie: Kuratorzy sądowi nie zostali przygotowani do rozpoznawania potrzeb kryminogennych. Przy formułowaniu prognozy kryminologicznej uwzględniają bardzo ograniczoną listę predyktorów przyszłej aktywności przestępczej skazanych. Oznacza to konieczność wyposażenia tych służb w rzetelne, sprawdzone, narzędzia szacowania ryzyka recydywy.
3
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Grupy ryzyka zakażeniem HIV w latach 1981-1986

44%
Rogala M.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 2
72–79
EN
The article describes how the notion of groups at risk of HIV infection changed under the influence of the development of studies on HIV in the years 1981–1986. The first diagnosed patients with the HIV symptoms were homosexual persons and drug addicts. In the initial phase of virus occurrence in the world these two groups were commonly regarded as the virus carriers and only they were associated with AIDS. With time the progress in research has revealed that infections with HIV cannot be linked solely to lifestyle, habits of homosexuals and drug addicts since the group of subjects potentially vulnerable to the infection is much broader and it started to be related to some risky behaviour. The article shows the process of alteration of the knowledge about the virus causing AIDS in the years 1981–1986. The progress in this knowledge has lead to the changes in qualifying subjects to the risk groups related to the way of HIV transmission. The paper also presents the phenomenon of stigmatization linked to the inclusion of some populations to the groups at risk of HIV infection in the 80s. of the 20th century which was caused by the lack of knowledge on the pathogenesis and mechanism of virus transmission.
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