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Projektování sociálního rodičovství : osvojení, pěstounská péče a SOS dětské vesničky v socialistickém Československu

100%
Henschel F., Medková B.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2017
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vol. 24
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issue 4
582-610
EN
a2_The experts were participating in these reforms very intensively, pursuing a nuclear family with a traditional role assigned to mother as an ideal. As to "problematic children", including those of Romany descent, foster care restored by a legal act in 1973 was considered suitable. In the end of his wrk, the author describes the history of SOS children´s villages in Czechoslovakia a hybrid form combining collective and foster care, which played a specific role in the substitute care reform. The concept, which was based on Christian education and the central role of mother, was heatedly discussed in the late 1960s. It was possible to implement it in the liberalized atmosphere of the Prague Spring, thanks mainly to personal efforts of several experts, who established an association, collected a fairly large sum of money, quickly organized the construction of two villages, and arranged their operation. Although the state took them over after the foster care act had come into power, their groundbreaking introduction in the Eastern Bloc still illustrates the fundamental changes of the substitute care system in Czechoslovakia during the forty years of the socialist rule.
CS
a2_Pro „problémové děti“, včetně dětí romského původu, byla pokládána za vhodnou pěstounská péče, obnovená zákonem v roce 1973. Nakonec autor přibližuje historii SOS dětských vesniček v Československu, které jako hybridní forma kolektivní a pěstounské péče sehrály v reformě náhradní péče specifickou roli. O tomto konceptu, založeném na křesťanské výchově a ústřední roli matky, se vedla koncem šedesátých let vypjatá diskuse. Prosadit se jej podařilo v atmosféře liberalizace za pražského jara 1968, a to zejména díky osobnímu nasazení několika expertů, kteří založili sdružení, vybrali velkou sumu peněz, rychle zorganizovali stavbu dvou vesniček a zajistili jejich fungování. Ačkoliv po vydání zákona o pěstounské péči převzal vesničky pod svou správu stát, jejich průkopnické zavedení ve východním bloku i tak ilustruje, jak zásadní změnou prošel systém náhradní péče v Československu během čtyřiceti let socialistické vlády.
2
Content available remote

Diskursy, instituce a praxe péče o děti do tří let ve francouzsko-české komparativní perspektivě

80%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
36-47
EN
The article offers a comparison of the development of institutions of care for children under the age of three in France and in the Czech Republic. It explains the differences in the forms of institutions, policies and the level of state support using a comparative analysis of the discourses of childcare that have existed in the two countries since the end of the Second World War. Expert discourses in particular were found to have an important role in the development of institutions and policies: psychological discursive framings had a strong influence on the public discourse, political decisions and the resulting form of institutions. While in France mainly empirically‑oriented psychologists and pedagogues entered the debate, in Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic the discursive arena was dominated by clinical psychologists and paediatricians. Other influential factors were identified, such as the economic situation, political actors, social movements; and sequencing of events; but the expert discourse was proved to be crucial for the understanding of the divergent development of childcare institutions in the two countries.
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