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Rodzice chrzestni (Godparents) i opiekunowie duchowi (Sponsors) w Kościele Anglikański (Church of England)

100%
Maciaszek P.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2010
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vol. 19
171-184
EN
The role of Godparents is to speak on behalf of the infant being baptised during the baptism service itself and to support the parents in bringing the child up as a Christian within the family of the Church, so that that they will confess the faith for themselves and come in due time to confirmation. In order that they can fulfil their role Godparents need be able to make the declarations and promises in the baptism services, which is why the Church of England requires all Godparents to be baptised themselves and normally to be confirmed as well. That is also why it is not possible for a member of another faith to be a Godparent. Those who are baptised as infants normally have to have at least three Godparents. At least two of them have to be of the same sex as the infant and one has to be of the opposite sex. If it proves impossible for there to be three Godparents it is possible for a baptism to take place with one Godfather and one Godmother. Parents can be Godparents to their own children providing there is at least one other Godparent as well. Those who are older when they are baptised have sponsors rather than Godparents. The role of the Sponsor is not to speak for the person being baptised, but to formally present them for baptism and to help them in their growth as Christians after they have been baptised. There need to be at least two and preferably three Sponsors and they are chosen by the candidates for baptism themselves. Like Godparents they need to be baptised and normally also confirmed. As a Godparents, they have a special role. It’s about helping a child to come to know God, encouraging them in their spiritual life and supporting them in their membership of the local church. Godparents will be expected to be attend the child’s baptism, where they will make promises to help to bring them up in the Christian faith. It’s a role that will develop over time, as their godchild grows up and develops their own faith. The most important gifts godparents can give their godchild are their time, presence and prayers, but they will probably also want to mark the baptism or confirmation by giving a special gift. Godparents don’t have to buy expensive gifts. A simple, meaningful present is a good choice – maybe something to be used at the baptism, or a gift to be kept for later.
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Sakrament chrztu w świetle uchwał Synodu Diecezji Rzeszowskiej

51%
Story M.
Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej
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2020
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issue 27
249-266
EN
A diocesan synod should be convened when deemed necessary by the diocesan bishop. In the Diocese of Rzeszów, which was set up in 1992 by Pope John Paul II, the synod was announced on November 21, 1998. The first session of the Synod of the Diocese of Rzeszów took place on March 24, 1999 and the solemn closure meeting on November 20, 2004. In a decree issued on that day, Kazimierz Górny, the Bishop of the Diocese of Rzeszów, approved the resolutions and announced them as the diocesan particular law. The resolutions of the synod became effective on January 19, 2005. The following article presents the rules of the particular law in regard to celebrating the sacrament of baptism, which is the “gate” to other sacraments, in the parishes of the Diocese of Rzeszów. The Church, which safeguards the deposit of sacraments, has the right to formulate the rules of their valid and respectful celebration. The author of this article discusses matters related to the baptism of children as well as adults. The article presents aspects related to the minister of the sacrament, parents and godparents, as well as the time and place of the celebration of baptism. It also refers to the “Instruction on celebrating the sacrament of baptism” which includes a lot of practical advice and pastoral suggestions for the ministers in order for the celebration of this sacrament to have influence on the formation of the religious life of the child’s parents, godparents and other related people. Following the common law norms, the Synod of the Diocese of Rzeszów highlights that priests should often remind their believers, both in the church and during the catechesis, about the meaning of this sacrament. It is necessary for salvation; through it the human being is freed from their sins and thus receives the dignity of the Child of God, becomes similar to Christ and gets included into the Catholic Church community. Priests should faithfully observe the liturgical regulations which set forth the way in which baptism should be celebrated, and respectfully treat other canonical norms. They are responsible for the correct documentation of this celebration by making a mandatory note in the parish book of the baptized.
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Sakrament chrztu w świetle średniowiecznych ksiąg pokutnych

51%
Story M.
Annales Canonici
|
2020
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
109-128
EN
The penitential books written during the Late Ancient Christianity and the Early Middle Ages are an evidence of the formation of the penitential practices in the Church. The aim of this article is to discuss – in the light of these books – a variety of practices, including those seen as inadequate, which were related to the sacrament of Baptism and which caused significant punishment to those deemed guilty. Such penitential practices required adequate atonement which was often difficult to fulfill.The penitential books pointed out that the child should be baptized as soon as possible, especially if they were ill. During the confession, the confessors were required to verify when the child was brought to be baptized by their parents. Penitentiaries also discussed when baptism can be seen as rightfully administered and when not. They highlighted that rightfully administered baptism cannot be administered again. Some of the penitential books contained, however, an incorrect understanding of the relation between the moral life of the priest who administered baptism and the rightfulness of the sacrament. The books also pointed out who can become a godparent and discussed the obstacle of priest’s kinship with regards to the sacrament of baptism.
PL
Księgi pokutne, które powstały w epoce późnej starożytności chrześcijańskiej i wczesnego średniowiecza, są świadectwem kształtowania się praktyki pokutnej w Kościele. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie w świetle tychże ksiąg różnych praktyk, także tych niewłaściwych, związanych z sakramentem chrztu, które powodowały obciążenie winnych dotkliwymi karami – pokutami wymagającymi odpowiedniego zadośćuczynienia, często trudnego do wykonania.W księgach pokutnych zwracano szczególną uwagę, że dziecko powinno zostać ochrzczone jak najszybciej, zwłaszcza w sytuacji, kiedy chorowało. Nakazywano ponadto spowiednikom, aby weryfikowali w ramach spowiedzi czas, w którym rodzice przynosili dziecko do chrztu. Penitencjały zwracają także uwagę na kwestię, kiedy sakrament chrztu, jest ważnie udzielony, a kiedy nie. Podkreślano, że chrzest ważnie udzielony nie może zostać ponowiony. W niektórych księgach pokutnych znajdujemy natomiast błędne rozumienie zależności życia moralnego szafarza i ważności udzielanego sakramentu. Pojawia się także zagadnienie, kto może pełnić rolę rodzica chrzestnego, jak i omówienie przeszkody pokrewieństwa duchowego mającego swe korzenie w analizowanym sakramencie.
4
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Chrzestni, świadkowie bierzmowania i świadkowie zawarcia małżeństwa. Pespektywa ekumeniczna

51%
Majer P.
Annales Canonici
|
2017
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vol. 13
EN
The article contains an analysis of the previous and current statutes canon law on the possibility for the non-Catholics to be the godparents, sponsors for confirmation, and witnesses for marriage. The laws which are today in force are far from the strict provisions of the old law, which assumed as a rule that the above functions in the Catholic Church should be performed by only by the Catholics who were not allowed to undertake similar tasks in other Churches or Christian Communities. Exceptions to this rule were relatively infrequent – especially for the godparents – and had to be well justified. The current regulations retain the general rule, but the possibility of applying exceptions is quite broad and included in the law, so that it is not necessary to refer to the church superior in individual cases. Such a relaxation of discipline is due both to ecumenical reasons and to the desire to overcome practical problems, especially in mixed marriages.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę dawnych i obowiązujących przepisów prawa kanonicznego na temat możliwości pełnienia przez niekatolików funkcji chrzestnych, świadków bierzmowania i świadków przy zawarciu małżeństwa. Obowiązujące dziś przepisy znacznie odbiegają od surowości dawnego prawa, które przyjmowało za regułę, iż powyższe funkcje w Kościele katolickim winni pełnić katolicy, co więcej – nie wolno im było podejmować analogicznych zadań w innych Kościołach czy Wspólnotach chrześcijańskich. Wyjątki od tej reguły były dopuszczane stosunkowo rzadko – zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do chrzestnych – i musiały być dobrze uzasadnione. Dzisiejsza regulacja zachowuje ogólną regułę, ale możliwość zastosowania wyjątków jest dość szeroka i zawarta w przepisach prawa, tak iż nie trzeba odnosić się do przełożonego kościelnego w poszczególnych przypadkach. Takie złagodzenie dyscypliny wynika zarówno z przesłanek ekumenicznych, jak i z pragnienia przezwyciężenia praktycznych problemów, zwłaszcza w przypadku małżeństw mieszanych.
5
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Problemy teologiczne i pastoralne podczas prac nad „Ordo Confirmationis” 1971

38%
Krakowiak C.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2014
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vol. 35
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issue 3
57-73
EN
The main theological issues faced in the works on Ordo Confirmationis included: definition of the sacramental sign of Confirmation, i.e. its substance and sacramental formula, the main effect of Confirmation, which is the Gift of the Holy Spirit as well as the relation of the sacrament to baptism and the Eucharist. Confirmation was unequivocally recognized as the second sacrament of Christian initiation. Pastoral problems referred to ministers, recipients and witnesses of Confirmation. Presbyters were granted wider rights to administer Confirmation, while godparents were allowed to become witnesses and the Conferences of Bishops could define the age of recipients as other than that of 7 years.
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