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Les villes romaines en Normandie et la transmission de nouveaux modes de vie dans le nord de la Gaule

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Sielicka K.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2014

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issue 27

357–373

EN

Terms related to the Romanization of Normandy at the early stages of a new provincial organizations deserve the attention and scrutiny due to the different nature of the adaptation patterns, from the capital on distant north to the area of Mediterranean Gaul. Differences were already well presented to view in Caesar’s ‘Gallic Wars’. This dissident situation in northern Gaul refers to the practical lack of communication between previous inhabitants of these lands and the Romans, which took place in the southern part of the province. Recently a number of archaeological studies has provided information on adapting structures existing in Normandy to the Roman model. The main factor for the spread of new ideas, and also for the subordination of the local population, was a high level of urbanization of the province. Roman culture and new patterns of life were disseminated mainly by towns. The process of Romanization of Normandy is a very broad question, so the author has decided to choose one site that could serve as a model of such a new city, namely Lillebonne (formerly Port of Juliobona), located just a few kilometers from the bed of the Seine in the department of Seine-Maritime. This particular city seems to be well representative case, due to the large number of Roman objects, numerous monuments of exceptional rank and a rich history of archaeological research, dating back to the first half of the nineteenth century. An important fact that should be taken into account when discussing issues of Normandy Romanization is a phenomenon that might be called ‘long origins’. While the founding of the city is associated with the rule of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and we can locate it in the forties of the first century, the main monuments typical for the Roman city appear there only by the very end of the century, i.e. c. 50 years later: this applies to the first amphitheater, since the baths appeared in Juliobona even later on, at the turn of the second century. Similarly, most of the material and historical objects comes from the end of the second and from the third century – which might mean that the role of Rome in the establishment of the cities of Normandy was to designate their location, boundaries and topography. What is more, it seems that the development and construction of prestigious buildings depended firmly on the economic success of inhabitants of these cities.

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Heretycki szał czy recepcja cesarskiego prawodawstwa w polityce religijnej królów wandalskich? Codex Theodosianus XVI a Edictum Hunirici

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Wilczyński M.

Vox Patrum

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2020

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vol. 75

527-538

EN

The knowledge about the religious policy of the Vandal kings is provided only by the sources which are hostile toward the Vandals, written by the followers of the Nicene orthodoxy. The Arianic sources from this period, even if they existed, have not survived. The preserved sources focus on persecutions – usually drastic in form – and the imposition of Arian heresy by force. According to the authors of the sources, the ferocity of the barbarians combined with their fanatic zeal (typical for heretics) the Vandal kings ruthless rulers. Nevertheless, when we juxtapose the imperial legislation with the deeds of Vandals, especially with the Edict of Huneric, the only preserved legal act concerning those issues, we can explain their policy very differently. The Vandal kings quite accurately adopted and imitated the methods of combating heresy recommended in the Roman legislation. The royal officials of Roman origin and the Roman Arians, who cooperated with Vandals, were probably very well informed in that matter and could deliver the necessary “know how.” In his edict, King Huneric directly indicates the laws issued by the emperors as the basis for his legal regulations directed against the followers of the Nicene orthodoxy. A more thorough analysis of similarities can be an important contribution to research on the extensive use of the Roman administration and law in the barbarian kingdoms in the Western part of the Roman Empire.

PL

Wiedzy o polityce religijnej królów wandalskich dostarczają wyłącznie wrogie Wandalom źródła, pisane przez wyznawców nicejskiej ortodoksji. Źródła proweniencji ariańskiej z tego okresu nawet jeżeli istniały nie zachowały się. Zachowane źródła koncentrują się na drastycznych często formach prześladowań i narzucania siłą herezji ariańskiej. Powodem bezwzględności wandalskich monarchów miała być, zdaniem autorów źródeł, dzikość barbarzyńców i fanatyczny szał typowy dla heretyków. Porównanie prawodawstwa cesarskiego z działaniami Wandalów, a szczególnie z jedynym zachowanym aktem prawnym jakim jest Edykt Huneryka pozwala ukazać działania te w innym aspekcie. Wandalscy królowie dość wiernie przejmowali i naśladowali metody zwalczania herezji zalecane w prawodawstwie rzymskim. Wiedzy o tym prawodawstwie dostarczać mogli zarówno rzymscy urzędnicy administracji królewskiej, jak i rzymskie środowiska ariańskie współpracujące z Wandalami. Król Huneryk w swoim edykcie bezpośrednio wskazuje prawa wydawane przez cesarzy jako podstawę wydanych przez niego regulacji prawnych skierowanych przeciw wyznawcom nicejskiej ortodoksji. Dokładniejsza analiza występujących podobieństw może być ważnym przyczynkiem do badań nad szerokim wykorzystywaniem rzymskiej administracji i prawa w królestwach barbarzyński na terenach zachodniego cesarstwa rzymskiego.

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Arabīzī — arabština jedenadvacátého století?

84%

Jeníková J.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2019

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vol. 60

109-114

EN

Arabizi, the romanized version of the Arabic writing system, is a phenomenon born with the dissemination of new technologies at the end of the 20th century. The first mobile phones and internet weren’t at first able to use other language systems than Latin. Thus Arabizi — a combination of the words Arabi and Inglizi (Arab word for English) — emerged. It uses Latin alphabet and numerals to put down Arabic. The idea is not exactly new — there have been to be promoters of Latinized version of Arabic since the 19th century. Nowadays, Arabizi has its advocates as well as opponents. This paper maps the history of the phenomenon of Arabizi, it presents its basics and introduce the main effects it has on the present-day Arab society.

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1 Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

1 Vox Patrum

1 Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

1 Jeníková J.

1 Sielicka K.

1 Wilczyński M.

1 2020

1 2019

1 2014

Les villes romaines en Normandie et la transmission de nouveaux modes de vie dans le nord de la Gaule

Heretycki szał czy recepcja cesarskiego prawodawstwa w polityce religijnej królów wandalskich? Codex Theodosianus XVI a Edictum Hunirici

Arabīzī — arabština jedenadvacátého století?