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1
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Hofhierarchie in der Zeit der letzten Jagiellonen. Problemaufriss

100%
Ferenc M.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 1
25-39
EN
The greatest hindrance in determining the hierarchy at the court of the last Jagiellons, Sigismund I the Old and his son Sigismund II Augustus, is the lack of any official documents and reliable accounts concerning this problem. Research on this subject can be conducted only on the basis of registers usually associated with sources on taxation, singularly preserved to our own times. Due to the lack of immediate sources, one is left with using multiple and scattered accounts and documents. On their basis, supplemented with a comparison with later periods, it is possible to make an attempt to recreate the hierarchical order at the royal court.
2
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Przyczynek do biografii Wawrzyńca Kaszuby Krokowskiego (zm. 1497)

100%
Nalewajek A.
Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza
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2023
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issue 26
121-135
EN
Wawrzyniec Kaszuba Krokowski (Laurentius Cashuba Krokowski), so far better known, based on the family tradition, as Lorenz der Starke or Lorenz Mocny (the Strong), went down in history as the owner of Krokowa in the Puck district, and was a courtier of King Jan Olbracht. According to genealogical reports, he participated in the war of Jan Olbracht for the Hungarian throne in the years 1490–1492. Information concerning this could not be found in document sources and accounting books. The documented ties of Wawrzyniec Kaszuba Krokowski with the royal court of the Polish rulers date back to the end of 1485, when he received a receipt for the payment of 100 florins from Kasimir Jagiellon during the Sejm in Piotrków. On the basis of information obtained from Jan Olbracht’s accounting records, we learn that Wawrzyniec Kaszuba Krokowski was admitted to the royal court in March 1494, before the Jagiellonian dynastic congress in Levoča. He was a court member and served with a 6 horse retinue until the Moldovan expedition in 1497. Krokowski took part in it with an 8 horse retinue. After the expedition, in the light of the royal documents from the end of 1497, he was declared dead. Most likely, he lost his life in the Bukovina forests during the retreat of Jan Olbracht’s military forces from Suceava. Later, in 1504, as compensation, King Alexander Jagiellon bequeathed to the Krokowski family the sum of 500 florins in the royal villages of the Pomeranian land.
3
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Przedstawiciele szlachty mazowieckiej w składzie dworu królewskiego za panowania Jana Olbrachta (1492-1501)

88%
Nalewajek A.
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 2
71-83
EN
The article presents the members of the royal court of John Albert (1492-1501) hailing from the nobility of Mazovia. In 1495, the King incorporated into his Kingdom the region of Płock that was part of Mazovia, which resulted in the appearance at his royal court of representatives of influential magnate’s families who possessed their estates in the region of Mazovia. They were accepted into the circles of royal courtiers and granted honourable posts at the court. In this way, they strengthened their position and were promoted to high rank offices. Some representatives of the Mazovian nobility performed the functions of royal clerks or secretaries. The reign of John I Albert was marked by a greater inclusion of Mazovian noble families in services at the Polish royal court.  
4
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Wizyta króla Jana Olbrachta w Elblągu w grudniu 1494 roku

88%
Nalewajek A.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2023
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vol. 88
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issue 3
5-26
EN
This article focuses on King John Albert’s visit to Elbląg, Malbork, and Toruń during his trip to Royal Prussia in 1494–1495. The visit to Elbląg has received minimal attention in historiography, as the primary purpose of the event was to accept the oath of allegiance. Thorough research reveals that John I Albert stayed in Elbląg from 21–28 December 1494 to partake in the Christmas festivities. During this period, the city served as the seat of the Crown’s court. The source base for the article is comprised of royal accounts kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records, which contain lists of John Albert’s court expenses for this trip. The article also highlights the arrival of an envoy from Stephen, Voivode of Moldavia and a legation from Margrave Frederick Hohenzollern, along with other ceremonies and feasts held at the court. Notably, the lists of expenses provide insights into the city’s responsibility for supplying the monarch’s kitchen, table, and horse fodder. This visit stands out as the longest recorded royal visit in Elbląg’s history.
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Biografia dygresyjna. O kanoniku warmińskim i o metodzie

63%
Gregorowicz D.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2021
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vol. 86
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issue 2
137-152
EN
In 2019, Wojciech Tygielski published a new book, the fruit of in-depth research on the relations between early modern Poland-Lithuania and Italy, and on the Italian settlement within the borders of the Commonwealth. The purpose of this discussion article is to present the biography of Giovanni Battista Jacobelli as an original narrative resulting from an unconventional methodological approach, and more broadly, as a significant example of contemporary biographical writing. Particular attention is paid to the numerous digressions that appear in the narrative, here considered a deliberate methodological procedure aimed at filling the gaps created by the relatively poor primary sources which constitute the basis of the research. Moreover, the relevance of the reviewed study from the point of view of the present day is raised, as the reviewed book prompts making comparisons between historical reality and modern-day experiences, and reflecting on the permanence of certain social phenomena. The discussion article also contains comments on the extensive source edition contained in the appendix to the reviewed book. The article challenges the author’s approach to presenting the early modern Italian correspondence to the reader, and to the degree of required modernisation.
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Curienses w służbie wojskowej na Rusi za panowania króla Jana Olbrachta – zarys problematyki źródłowej

63%
Nalewajek A.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2022
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issue 1 (32)
119-136
EN
This article includes an analysis of the accounting records preserved in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw which refer to the years of the reign of King John I Albert (1492–1501), in terms of the issues connected with the military service performed by horse courtiers (curienses) in the defence of Ruthenia.
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„Wojsko nadworne” na początku wojny Stefana Batorego z Gdańskiem w świetle akt skarbowych

51%
Kadzik D.
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy
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2017
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vol. XVIII (LXIX)
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issue 1 (259)
9-43
EN
The article describes the composition of the Polish army from the period preceding the Battle of Lubieszów, as well as from several weeks later. The main source are two registers of this army that are contained in the marshal’s book from the time of Stefan Batory’s rule. In the author’s opinion there are many reasons to recognize that it was a court army – a permanent mercenary army of the king. One of the objectives of this article is to do wider and more detailed research on this issue. In the text itself the experience of the commanders of individual army units has been analyzed as well as their relations with the royal court and their background. The bulk of the article has been devoted to the comparison of the mounted cavalry units – their number, the size of the cavalry masters’ and comrades’ detachments – before and after the Battle of Lubieszów. The composition of the units supporting the cavalry, i.e. infantry and artillery, has also been described. At the very end, in the form of an appendix, editions of both registers of the court army have been featured.
RU
В статье описывается состав коронной армии в период, охватывающий время до битвы под Любишево, а также несколько недель после нее. Основу источников составляют два списка вышеупомянутой армии, которые находятся в маршалковской книге периода правления Стефана Батория. По мнению автора, существует несколько причин того, чтобы признать, что это была придворная армия – постоянная наемная армия короля. Так или иначе, одним из постулатов статьи является глубокое и широкое исследование этой проблемы. В самом тексте проанализирован опыт командующих отдельными ротами, а также их связь с королевским двором и происхождение. Большая часть статьи посвящена сравнению конных отрядов – их численности, количества ротмистров и окружения – до и после битвы под Любишево. Описан также состав сопутствующих единиц, то есть пехота и артиллерия. В самом конце, в форме приложения, размещены оба списка состава придворной армии.
PL
Artykuł opisuje skład wojska koronnego z okresu poprzedzającego bitwę lubieszowską, a także w kilka tygodni po niej. Podstawę źródłową stanowią dwa spisy wspomnianej armii, które znajdują się w księdze marszałkowskiej z okresu panowania Stefana Batorego. W opinii autora istnieje wiele przesłanek za tym, by uznać, iż było to wojsko nadworne – stała zaciężna armia króla. Jednak jednym z postulatów artykułu jest dokładniejsze i szersze przebadanie tego problemu. W samym tekście przeanalizowano doświadczenie dowódców poszczególnych rot oraz ich powiązanie z dworem królewskim i pochodzenie. Najwięcej miejsca poświęcono porównaniu oddziałów konnych – ich liczebności, wielkości pocztów rotmistrzów i towarzyszy – przed i po bitwie pod Lubieszowem. Opisano także skład jednostek wspomagających jazdę, czyli piechotę oraz artylerię. Na samym końcu, w formie aneksu, zamieszczono edycje obu spisów wojska nadwornego.
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Oczekiwanie na dziecko w rodzinie królewskiej w Polsce w XV i XVI wieku

51%
Januszek-Sieradzka A.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2023
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vol. 18
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issue 23
1-17
EN
The image childhood of royal children is a necessary addition to that of childhood in medieval and modern Poland. It should be noted that the expectation of a royal child had two dimensions, a readily apparent public one and a difficult-to-trace private one. A queen’s destiny for motherhood was emphasised in the process of her becoming the queen, which was divided into stages. In the history the Jagiellonian wives as mothers - six out of eleven wives were also mothers - there were numerous successful deliveries but there were also some miscarriages. The important issues in the research on this period include the queens’ behaviour during their pregnancies, their relationships with the husbands, their following of medical, healthcare, and midwife recommendations, their undertaking of various activities, the securing of the needs of the expected child, and, finally, the way they used this time to build their position and the image of queenship.
PL
Koniecznym dopełnieniem obrazu dzieciństwa w Polsce średniowiecznej i nowożytnej jest dzieciństwo dzieci królewskich. Oczekiwanie na dziecko królewskie miało dwa wymiary - lepiej widoczną perspektywę publiczną i trudniej uchwytny wymiar prywatny. Przeznaczenie królowej do macierzyństwa podkreślane było w rozpisanym na etapy procesie stawania się królową. W macierzyńskiej historii jagiellońskich żon - z jedenastu matkami zostało sześć - liczne były szczęśliwe rozwiązania, ale zdarzały się także poronienia. W badaniach nad kwestią oczekiwania na dziecko ważne są zagadnienia zachowania królowych w czasie ciąży, relacji z małżonkiem, przestrzegania zaleceń medycznych, opieki lekarskiej i akuszerskiej, podejmowania różnych aktywności, zabezpieczania potrzeb mającego się urodzić dziecka czy w końcu wykorzystanie tego czasu na budowanie pozycji królowej i jej queenship.
9
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Glosa do rozważań Marcina Szelesta o postaci Marcina Leopolity

51%
Zwolińska E.
Muzyka
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2024
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vol. 69
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issue 1
105-118
EN
This article addresses selected aspects of Marcin Leopolita’s biography as taken up by Marcin Szelest in his important recent paper (Muzyka, 2022/4). Sources for the study of Leopolita’s employment at the court of King Sigismund II Augustus are discussed, along with the circumstances behind his composing of the now lost Cantiones Ecclesiasticae and his hypothetical post as court organist. Earlier attempts to link the composer to the figure of Marcin of Lwów, rector of the Wawel castle school in Kraków in the mid-sixteenth century, are also mentioned.
PL
W artykule podjęto wybrane wątki dotyczące biografii Marcina Leopolity, obecne w niedawnej, ważnej publikacji Marcina Szelesta (Muzyka 2022/4). Przedstawiono źródła pomocne w ocenie czasu zatrudnienia kompozytora na dworze Zygmunta Augusta i okoliczności powstania zaginionego zbioru Cantiones Ecclesiasticae oraz domniemanej aktywności Marcina jako dworskiego organisty. Wspomniano też o próbach łączenia postaci kompozytora z Marcinem ze Lwowa, czynnym w połowie XVI w. jako rektor szkoły zamkowej na Wawelu.
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