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Bonds between the Spanish monarchy’s court structures and spaces in the 16th-17th centuries: sections of the royal household and their location in royal geographies

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Hortal Muñoz J. E.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2023
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vol. 26
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issue 2
55-88
EN
Up to only a few years ago, the royal household was of no interest to historians, and the few that researched the topic (always from an institutionalist approach), viewed it simply as a group of offices and people, extrapolating the reality of the 1800s and 1900s to previous centuries. However, the royal household was much more than that and, fortunately, over the past three decades it has begun to be examined in the context of late medieval and early modern discourses that gave shape to and justified royal power. Rulers each established their own households and forms of service. Although they all sought originality to give their monarchy a distinctive identity, most were similarly structured into sections or departments, and we therefore find six recurring elements. Although the hierarchy varied from monarchy to monarchy, the order of precedence was generally as follows: Chapel, Chamber, Household or Offices, Stables, Guard, and the Hunt. Each section in turn encompassed three different and complementary aspects: the section’s servants, the ruler and his family’s physical or spiritual need, and a physical space in the royal geographies. This article analyses the links between the various sections of the Spanish monarchy’s royal household and the physical spaces of its royal geographies, as well as their evolution during the Habsburg period (the 16th-17th centuries).
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Careers at the royal household of Stephen Báthory: towards professional courtiers?

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Kadzik D.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2024
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vol. 27
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issue 1
125-148
EN
The royal household in the early modern period is perceived as a place where one could build a spectacular career and even as a tool used by the ruler to reward his supporters. This perspective is often associated with the broader issue of career progression in the state in the 16th and 17th centuries. Numerous examples can be cited to support this thesis; however, it seems that an exception to this rule was the Polish royal household after 1572. The aim of this article is to analyse courtly careers during the reign of Stephen Báthory (1576–1586) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Rather than a case study, which can often lead to misleading conclusions, this analysis will take a quantitative approach. The results will be compared with the situation at the Jagiellonian court in the 16th century to assess whether a significant change took place after 1572. The case of courtly careers during Báthory’s reign may serve as an argument in favour of the thesis of professionalization— a form of professionalization of court positions—where courtiers and court servants did not view their roles as mere stepping stones in building their careers but rather as ends in themselves, serving as a means of securing a stable income. So far, such a claim has been made in relation to the royal household of Sigismund III Vasa at the beginning of the 17th century.
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