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PL
W artykule zaprezentowano założenia edukacji seksualnej dla osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną na różnych etapach rozwoju, ukazano jej istotę i znaczenie dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania psychospołecznego. Artykuł zawiera również zagadnienia dotyczące rozwoju w kontekście niepełnosprawności intelektualnej oraz opis specyfiki stadiów seksualności u osób niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie. Autorka opisuje mity i stereotypy funkcjonujące w opinii społecznej, a także przedstawia katalog postaw wobec tej kwestii, starając się zaprezentować główne nurty w edukacji i postrzeganiu seksualności osób z tego typu niepełnosprawnością.
EN
The article presents the assumptions of sexual education for people with intellectual disabilities in different stages of human development, revealing its essence and importance for the proper psychosocial functioning of these people. The article contains also development issues in the context of intellectual disability, a description of the specifics of stages of sexuality in these individuals. Moreover, the author characterizes myths and stereotypes functioning in public opinion and presents a catalogue of attitudes towards this issue, trying to present the main trends in education and perception of sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities.
EN
According to the Erikson’s theory, personality development is associated with a positive resolution of developmental conflicts, appearing in stages, as a result of human interaction with the social and culture world. People in late adulthood are faced with the difficult task of finding a balance between the syntonic and dystonic feature of ego – integrity and despair – having a chance to develop life wisdom, deciding how to perceive themselves, other people and the surrounding world. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss predictors of psychosocial integrity in the late adulthood. Psychosocial integrity was a dependent variable, while the level of basic hope, level of depression and anxiety as a trait and selected sociodemographic data – were independent variables. The study of elderly people (N = 152) used the Measures of the Psychosocial Development (MPD) by G. Hawley (polish adaptation: Z. Uchnast), the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12) by J. Trzebiński and M. Zięba, the Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (HADS) by A.S. Zigmond and R.P. Snaith (polish adaptation: K. de Walden-Gałuszko and M. Majkowicz) and the Sociodemographic Data Sheet, designed by the authors of the study. It  has been proved that the level of psychosocial integrity depends mainly on the level of basic hope, but it is also determined by the level of education of the respondents, which is important for the perceived level of anxiety and depression.
EN
Play spaces for children are important from the point of view of their development and ensuring their safety. Traditional playgrounds originated in the physical culture movement and currently play the most important role in early and middle childhood. This article discusses the basic devices and their functions in the child's development along with the aspect of psychosocial development, as well as the needs that children can meet thanks to activity on the playground.
PL
Przestrzenie zabaw dla dzieci są istotne z punktu widzenia ich rozwoju oraz zapewnienia im bezpieczeństwa. Tradycyjne place zabaw wywodzą się z ruchu kultury fizycznej i obecnie największą rolę odgrywają w okresie wczesnego i średniego dzieciństwa. W niniejszym artykule omówiono podstawowe urządzenia i ich funkcje w rozwoju dziecka wraz z aspektem rozwoju psychospołecznego, a także potrzeby, które dzieci mogą zaspokajać dzięki aktywności na placu zabaw.
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