Search results

1

Konflikt interesu publicznego z prywatnym na tle instytucji wywłaszczenia nieruchomości

100%

Stawecki M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

|

2012

|

vol. 15

221-229

EN

Ownership, as a basic value of a legal state is the subject to special protection guaranteed by a basic law. However, in certain situations acting for the benefit of public interest is, according to a legislator, takes priority over private ownership. Thus, in cases when public interest is at stake limitation of ownership title to property can be permitted by regulations. Expropriation of private property for the sake of public good is the solution used for many years in Poland and in other countries. Basic preconditions for expropriation are described in art. 21 section 2 of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Private ownership in art. 21 of Polish Constitution was defined in a very general context without defining the subject. Thus, all the ownership is the subject to state protection without specifying the principles of this protection, which are regulated by ordinary acts. Guaranteeing right to private ownership does not mean the right is inviolable. Constitution allows for property expropriation for the benefit of public purposes after a just compensation. However, it must be emphasized that regulations relating to the rules of property expropriation as a special form of depriving ownership right by means of authoritarian state act, which is the exception from general civil and legal principles of transferring ownership title, must be applied literally, excluding admissibility of extensive interpretation. Provisions of the constitution are defined in the regulations of the Real Estate Management Act from 21st August 1997.

2

Analiza relacji między regułami i procesami biznesowymi

100%

Fliegner W.

Nauki o Zarządzaniu

|

2013

|

issue 4(17)

18-28

EN

Before we create a common taxonomy of business rules and business process models, it is necessary to understand the relationship between rules, process models, and processes. This paper contains two main parts. Section 2 defines the relationship between rules, processes, and process models (the relationship between process models and processes is clear, so we omit it). Section 3 reviews some existing research on various facets of that relationship.

3

A fifteenth-century fencing tournament in Strasburg

100%

Dupuis O.

Acta Periodica Duellatorum

|

2013

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

67-79

EN

An undated paper from the archives of Strasburg contains a set of rules approved by fencing masters for a fencing tournament. The dating of this document is uncertain but could be established around 1470-71. A complete and unpublished transcription will be supplied and completed with a detailed study of the final set of rules but also the subset which received some modifications. Even if some key points remains obscure, it’s possible to find some comparison between this text and the contemporary knightly tournaments or the German Fechtschulen.

4

General principles of law and taxation

100%

Lasiński-Sulecki K., Morawski W., Prejs E.

Review of European and Comparative Law

|

2022

|

vol. 48

|

issue 1

85-101

EN

Although the general principles of law at first sight do not bring about numerous associations with the sphere of taxation where the processes of compliance with legal rules or applying them must end with a precise numerical result, both the relevance and the significance of these principles in the sphere of tax law are more and more noticeable. The principle of proportionality has been invoked in probably every second VAT judgment of the Court of Justice for years. The principle of legal certainty has made its way to the case law of the said court as well as the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland. The importance of other principles is definitely on the rise.

5

Peregrinova inferencialistická koncepcia jazyka a logiky (2. časť)

100%

Koreň L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2017

|

vol. 65

|

issue 3

421-436

EN

In the monography Inferentialism: Why Rules Matter (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan 2014) Jaroslav Peregrin argues that inferential rules constitute the semantic structure of language. In this study I review and assess the inferentialist conception of logic that Peregrin elaborated in the second part of the book.

6

Diversity of Rule-based Approaches: Classic Systems and Recent Applications

88%

Nalepa G. J.

Avant

|

2016

|

vol. 7

|

issue 2

EN

Rules are a common symbolic model of knowledge. Rule-based systems share roots in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In the former, they are mostly used in cognitive architectures; in the latter, they are developed in several domains including knowledge engineering and machine learning. This paper aims to give an overview of these issues with the focus on the current research perspective of artificial intelligence. Moreover, in this setting we discuss our results in the design of rule-based systems and their applications in context-aware and business intelligence systems.

7

Reguły i paradoksy

88%

Leguérinel A., Kopeć S., Lyotard J.-F.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

|

2018

|

vol. 8

|

issue 2

8

WYBRANE ASPEKTY PRAWNE DZIAŁALNOŚCI REKLAMOWEJ W PRAKTYCE MUZEÓW

88%

Golat R.

Muzealnictwo

|

2013

|

vol. 54

59-61

PL

Reklama na co dzień kojarzona jest z promowaniem działalności przedsiębiorców, ale w praktyce muzea często sięgają po różne możliwości promowania swojej statutowej działalności, w oparciu o swoich pracowników lub wyspecjalizowane w działalności reklamowej podmioty zewnętrzne, świadczące usługi w tym zakresie. Korzystanie ze wsparcia innych podmiotów wymaga uzgodnienia warunków współpracy, co przekłada się na zawieranie przez muzeum różnych umów o świadczenie usług reklamowych.W innej roli muzeum występuje w relacji ze wspomagającymi jego działalność sponsorami, którzy uzależniają udzielenie określonego wsparcia, np. finansowego, od zareklamowania przez muzeum ich działalności. Muzeum w tym przypadku świadczy na rzecz sponsorów usługi reklamowe. Warunki ich świadczenia określane są w umowach sponsorskich, określających wzajemne prawa i obowiązki stron.Korzystanie przez muzeum ze wsparcia sponsorów, związane ze świadczeniem przez muzeum usług reklamowych, przekłada się na postanowienia statutów (regulaminów) muzeów, w których powinien znaleźć się zapis o prowadzeniu przez muzeum dodatkowej działalności gospodarczej w celu finansowania działalności podstawowej. Świadczenie usług reklamowych przez muzea należy poza tym rozpatrywać w kontekście obowiązków podatkowych, w szczególności odnośnie do obowiązku rozliczana podatku VAT, który jest podatkiem obciążającym podmioty wykonujące działalność gospodarcza w rozumieniu ustawy o podatku od towarów i usług.Specyfika aktywności promocyjno-reklamowej uwzględniona została w przepisach ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych – w zakresie dwóch licencji ustawowych, regulujących przypadki dozwolonego użytku, określonych w art. 33 pkt 2 i w art. 333 powyższej ustawy.

9

ORDOLIBERALISM AND THE MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN THE FACE OF THE EURO CRISIS

88%

Moszyński M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2015

|

vol. 10

|

issue 4

41-58

EN

The global economic crisis and the crisis in the euro zone exposed the deep differences of opinion between German economists and scientists from Anglo-Saxon countries. The German approach conceptually differs in the views on the strategies and tools of anti-crisis policy, especially fiscal stimulus in the Keynesian-style, quantitative easing monetary policy of the ECB, the question of financial assistance to Greece and restructuring its debt. The other areas of difference are the approach to the rules in macroeconomic policy, fiscal consolidation, and interpretation of current account surplus. Given the size and performance of the German economy it is important to understand the reasons for these opposites, which constitute the research goal of this article. Considerations are based on the thesis that ordoliberal thought still has a strong impact on the practice of macroeconomic policy in Germany and also at the European level. The analysis is built on the short overview of ideological foundations of the German social market economy and its most important postulates, which then will be applied for interpretation of intellectual distinctions between economists from Germany and other countries in the theoretical and practical dimensions of the economic policy observed in Europe. The methodology includes the critical literature studies and the comparative analysis of macroeconomic policy through the prism of economic thought.

10

SELECT LEGAL ASPECTS OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN MUSEUM PRAXIS

88%

Golat R.

Muzealnictwo

|

2013

|

vol. 54

59-61

EN

On a daily basis advertisements are associated with the promotion of the activity of assorted entrepreneurs, but in practice museums frequently opt for various possibilities of promoting their statutory activity based on their employees or specialised external subjects offering suitable services. Benefiting from the support of other subjects calls for coordinating the conditions for cooperation, which means that museums sign various contracts involving advertisement services. The museum plays a different role in relations with sponsors who assist it and render their support, e.g. financial, dependent on the museum advertising their activity. In such cases, it is the museum that advertises its sponsors. Suitable conditions are defined in sponsorship contracts describing the mutual rights and obligations of the signatories. The use of sponsor support on the part of the museum is connected with the establishment of statutes (rules) for museums that should include an entry about the museum’s additional economic activity for the purposes of financing its basic work. The provision of an advertisement service by a museum should be also considered within the context of tax duties, in particular those concerning obligatory VAT, a tax encumbering subjects performing economic activity according to the law on a tax on commodities and services. The specificity of promotion advertisement activity was taken into account in the regulations of a statute on copyright and affiliated rights – within the range of two statutory licenses regulating cases of permitted usage defined in article 22 point 2 and article 33 of the above law.

11

Sourozenectví ve stáří - vztahy "na okraji"?

88%

Sýkorová D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2021

|

vol. 57

|

issue 2

193-218

EN

Older age, especially advanced age, is accompanied by changes in the social relations amongst the elderly and specifically by a decrease in the size of their social networks: peers pass away and contact with other people may be restricted, often due to declining physical and mental strength. Gerontosociology notes the elderly’s preferential focus on the family, which is usually defined in terms of intergenerational relationships and a support network in old age. Relationships with siblings lie outside the research interest of gerontosociology because they are considered peer relationships, which is to say that they, too, are subject to the effects of ageing and old age and, consequently, are less reliable as a source of help or care. However, the article shows that the elderly assign meaning to their relationships with their siblings, which go beyond mere instrumental assistance and which challenges the generally accepted view that sibling bonds are of secondary importance compared to relationships between older parents and adult children. The article answers the question of what the essence of siblinghood in old age is, its possible forms, and in what ways (according to what rules) the elderly maintain or develop sibling relationships – how they communicate in interactions with each other and in interactions with other members of their family of procreation and their shared family of origin. The article is based on the results of an analysis of data from a qualitative study carried out by conducting unstructured individual and group interviews as part of the project ‘Greying Siblinghood: Sociological Study of Siblinghood in Late Adulthood’. In the theoretical framework of interpretive sociology, in which the article is anchored, both the key concepts of the relationist approach (family configuration, relatedness, belongingness, practices and rules of kinship interaction) and the concept of kinship ambivalence come to the forefront.

12

Peregrinova inferecialistická koncepcia jazyka a logiky (1. časť)

88%

Koreň L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2017

|

vol. 65

|

issue 1

97-111

EN

In the monograph Inferentialism: Why Rules Matter (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan 2014), Jaroslav Peregrin presents inferentialism as a philosophical approach that articulates a systematic answer to the classic problem of philosophy of language: “What is meaning?” In this study, I review and assess the key arguments of Peregrin`s inferentialist conception of language and meaning, which is elaborated in the first part of his book.

13

Diversity of Rule-based Approaches: Classic Systems and Recent Applications

88%

Nalepa G. J.

Avant

|

2016

|

vol. 7

|

issue 2

EN

Rules are a common symbolic model of knowledge. Rule-based systems share roots in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In the former, they are mostly used in cognitive architectures; in the latter, they are developed in several domains including knowledge engineering and machine learning. This paper aims to give an overview of these issues with the focus on the current research perspective of artificial intelligence. Moreover, in this setting we discuss our results in the design of rule-based systems and their applications in context-aware and business intelligence systems.

14

Zbieg uprawnień na gruncie instytucji błędu i rękojmi – glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 26 stycznia 2012 r., III CZP 90/11

88%

Mucha A.

Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland

|

2013

|

issue 1

143-150

EN

The resolution passed by the Supreme Court indicates the issue of concurrence of powers on the basis of the error and warranty for the quality of a product. The Supreme Court found it reasonable to accept in this case the concurrence of legal rules, which in turn allows individuals to select respective legal instruments in the event of an error on the quality of the purchased item. This contention should be evaluated critically. First of all, the interpretation adopted by the court may result in an imbalance exists between the parties to the contract of sale, and ultimately lead to an excessive increase in the cost of sales operations and adversely affect the sphere of exchange of goods in the market. It is due to passing on the seller an overall risk of appearance of defects of the goods sold. The Supreme Court did not take these circumstances into account, focusing solely on protecting the interests of the buyer. However, the economic consequences of such a solution for all buyers may be quite different, leading to an increase in costs to society.

15

Inferencialismus

88%

Peregrin J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2015

|

vol. 63

|

issue 2

163-177

EN

Inferentialism, as presented by Robert Brandom, is first and foremost a view of the nature of meaning: it is the view that meaning is fundamentally the role which an expression acquires by becoming governed by the rules of our language games. (Hence it is a certain kind of “use theory of meaning” familiar from post-Wittgensteinian discussions; according to inferentialism, however, meaning is not given by actual use, but rather by the rules of correct use.) In this text we attempt to draw very general consequences from this approach (consequences that go beyond what is to be found in the work of R. Brandom). We claim that meaning is generally a certain form of “entanglement” in a certain kind of human practice that is built up from the much more primitive building blocks of human abilities that enable us to adopt normative attitudes and, in general, to accept rules. And it is just these human abilities which have shifted us humans onto the evolutionary trajectory on which we are now proceeding and on which we are quickly leaving behind other kinds of animals. It is precisely this ability which has led to our becoming the only animal species which has supplemented standard biological evolution with a kind of evolution that we might call cultural, and which is incomparably faster and more effective.

16

Sens istnienia dziennikarskich kodeksów etycznych i ich trudna przydatność

75%

Ulita M.

Komunikacja Społeczna. Czasopismo elektroniczne

|

2012

|

issue 1

34-46

EN

The problem faced by journalistic ethics is twofold. Firstly - incomprehensible desire of “making formal” ( objective ) so smooth and " undescribeble " matter , which is ethics ( in a social context often confused with morality ) . Secondly - incomprehensible belief that the description (eg . In the form of a code ) of a slice of reality will change the outlook of people and almost automatically affect its compliance . Another issue related to the present theme is the internal contradictions within the existing codes of journalistic ethics . The problem that I would like to submit for consideration in the context of this article , boils down to search for the answer to the question whether, having regard to the problems of a formal nature , but also socio-cultural , journalistic ethics trial of being formal and objective makes any sense.

17

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАСОБІВ ЗНАКОВО-СИМВОЛЬНОЇ НАОЧНОСТІУ ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ АЛГОРИТМІЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИУЧНІВ 5–6 КЛАСІВ

75%

Розуменко А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2015

|

issue 10(54)

301-309

EN

In the article the topicality of the problem of studentss’ algorithmic culture forming is revealed.It is substantiated by the fact that in school mathematics algorithmic line begins to develop in primary school. Students of junior grades study the simplest algorithms of arithmetic operations, the sequence of arithmetic operations with natural numbers when solving problems and exercises, which is a form of algorithmic propaedeutic culture. The didactic conditions of formation of algorithmic culture of students in the study of school mathematics are defined, as well as the general scheme of the formation of the algorithmic culture of students in the study of school mathematics, which includes the following stages: the disclosure of the content and method of algorithmization; familiarity with the concept of the algorithm and its properties; formation of abilities to use basic algorithms for computing; formation of basic skills and logging algorithms in different forms; formation of abilities to use basic algorithmic structures. An analysis of the content of school mathematics of the 5–6 grades allowed to select the rule, which can be algorithmic: comparison of natural numbers and fractions; actions with fractions; rounding integers and fractions; finding the arithmetic mean; calculation of interest; finding the greatest common divisor; finding the least common multiple and others. We consider four types of means of signs and symbolic visibility, which are used in the assimilation of mathematical concepts and systematization of mathematical knowledge. Methodological recommendations for the assimilation of such rules with the help of block diagrams and tables are given. The examples of tables in which the rules can be learned from the actions of decimals and the rule for finding the greatest common divisor of two integers, as well as a diagram comparing two integers are given. The proposed tables and diagrams can be used in the process of studying the relevant school mathematics by the students of the 5–6 grades.

18

Ewolucja społeczności międzynarodowej w nowej dynamice stosunków międzynarodowych

75%

Bryc A.

Kultura i Edukacja

|

2014

|

issue 2(102)

45-63

EN

In the classical meaning, the international society consisting of sovereign states plays a role of an international environment in the international system. Taking into consideration the dynamic transformation in the world politics after the Cold War, globalization, the strengthened international interdependence in its vertical, as well as horizontal realms, and the institutionalization of international social and political spheres fuels the discussion about the future of the international society, its inner structural changes, common norms, values, and rules. The thesis of the paper is the claim that the changes in international state-society reflecting the dynamic of world politics and the global trends do change the character of the international society, but do not change its essence. A growing and seemingly lasting process is strengthening the role of culture and identity in shaping the new structure of the international society.

19

Second-language acquisition of the English past-tense: from rules to analogy

75%

Jiránková L., Cilibrasi L.

Linguistica Pragensia

|

2021

|

vol. 31

|

issue 2

188-213

EN

The present study investigates the production of novel morphologically inflected forms in secondlanguage learners of English with Czech as L1. The study attempts to investigate which production model (single- or dual-route) best accounts for L2 learners’ morphological productivity when forming regular past forms of novel words. Additionally, it explores the possible interference effects of L1. 88 English L2 learners and 9 native speakers heard sentences in which a new activity was described with a novel word (The baby likes to dize. Look, there it is dizing. Everyday it dizes.) and past-tense forms were elicited (So yesterday it…). The results revealed that for native speakers the likelihood of a verb being produced in a regular past-tense form was inversely related to its phonological similarity to existing irregular verbs (replicating previous studies). L2 speakers showed a development in this direction: While for the A1 to B1 participants similarity to existing irregulars did not matter, B2 and C1 participants appeared to be sensitive to these similarities and behaved comparably to native speakers. In addition to the form analysis, the reaction-times results showed that the lowest language levels used their L1 as a performance facilitator (with slower performance with novel words that do not respect the phonology of the participants’ L1), while proficient learners and native speakers were not sensitive to this property of the novel words. The results suggest that the L2 acquisition of the English past-tense is characterized by a development from the mastery of mechanistic rules to the refinement of their application based on analogical patterns extracted from existing verbs, with Czech promoting the production at the earliest proficiency stages.

20

Projevy vulgarity a zdvořilosti v diskusních fórech k domácí politice

63%

Gromnica R.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

|

2017

|

vol. 99

|

issue 2

214-224

EN

This work is based on language material comprising 1,508 pages. The analyzed texts are taken from the websites novinky.cz, lidovky.cz and idnes.cz, as these are records of discussion forums representingreactions to published news and comments. Overall, over 10,000 discussion messages were collected. The aim of this work is to analyze the tendency to vulgar expression in the observed discussion forums. I will try to find out how much the users keep or break the rules. Last but not least I will detect which means of vulgar and polite expressions prevail in this environment and to what extent the situation varies between the respective discussion forums.

Refine search results

Konflikt interesu publicznego z prywatnym na tle instytucji wywłaszczenia nieruchomości

Analiza relacji między regułami i procesami biznesowymi

A fifteenth-century fencing tournament in Strasburg

General principles of law and taxation

Peregrinova inferencialistická koncepcia jazyka a logiky (2. časť)

Diversity of Rule-based Approaches: Classic Systems and Recent Applications

Reguły i paradoksy

WYBRANE ASPEKTY PRAWNE DZIAŁALNOŚCI REKLAMOWEJ W PRAKTYCE MUZEÓW

ORDOLIBERALISM AND THE MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN THE FACE OF THE EURO CRISIS

SELECT LEGAL ASPECTS OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN MUSEUM PRAXIS

Sourozenectví ve stáří - vztahy "na okraji"?

Peregrinova inferecialistická koncepcia jazyka a logiky (1. časť)

Diversity of Rule-based Approaches: Classic Systems and Recent Applications

Zbieg uprawnień na gruncie instytucji błędu i rękojmi – glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 26 stycznia 2012 r., III CZP 90/11

Inferencialismus

Sens istnienia dziennikarskich kodeksów etycznych i ich trudna przydatność

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАСОБІВ ЗНАКОВО-СИМВОЛЬНОЇ НАОЧНОСТІУ ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ АЛГОРИТМІЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИУЧНІВ 5–6 КЛАСІВ

Ewolucja społeczności międzynarodowej w nowej dynamice stosunków międzynarodowych

Second-language acquisition of the English past-tense: from rules to analogy

Projevy vulgarity a zdvořilosti v diskusních fórech k domácí politice