Search results - CEJSH

1

Demographic Factors Affecting the Level of Financial Literacy in Rural Areas: The Case of Vietnam

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Quang P. T., The Anh K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2019

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issue 3 (48)

391-406

EN

This article measures the level of financial literacy in the rural areas of Vietnam. The financial literacy is usually concerned by financial institutions and government organizations. This is considered to be an indicator that contributes to the assessment of the quality and potential growth of the financial system. In the article the determinants of financial literacy in Vietnam are identified. In result the authors propose a designed financial literacy enhancement programme for implementation.

2

TOURISM IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

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Marzewski T.

Studia Periegetica

|

2012

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vol. 7

9-29

EN

Linking tourism with various areas, including areas covered by common EU policies, poses the question about the position of tourism. One of those areas is agriculture, and the Common Agricultural Policy – CAP – that stimulates its development. The author of the article ventures to determine the place occupied by tourism in the Common Agricultural Policy. Over the years, a change could be observed in using tourism to meet the intermediate goals of the CAP. The change in approach is closely connected with the change of the main goals of the policy. Initially, CAP’s key objective was to increase agricultural production – that is why the need to stimulate non-agricultural activities, such as tourism, was largely overlooked. However, with the shifting of weight from the production increase to the development of rural areas, it is now being gradually treated as an important instrument in the structural policy. It has become the second basic segment of EU’s CAP, next to the pricemarket policy.

3

Attitudes toward newcomers from the city. The case of urban-rural fringe of Krakow

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Pawlak H.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 1

EN

Rural-urban areas are currently characterised by a high rate of economic development. One of the results of these changes is the inflow of urban populations, who are very different from the indigenous inhabitants. In spite of the move to a rural environment, they often preserve their customs and urban life styles; while, on the other hand, the indigenous inhabitants of rural areas tend to present traditional attitudes towards life. They are strongly attached to their land and identify with their place of residence. The author focuses on the attitudes expressed toward newcomers from Krakow and other metropolitan cities by the inhabitants of selected municipalities within the Krakow Metropolitan Area (KOM). The attitudes toward styles, ways of life, values, as well as preferences brought by the urban population were investigated.

4

Uwarunkowania społeczno-ekonomiczne jako determinanta rozwoju obszarów wiejskich województwa opolskiego – próba diagnozy

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Mijal A.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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issue 2(24)

167-178

EN

The issue of multidimensional changes taking place in rural areas has become a subject of interest to both sociologists, gerontoeducators, economists and management experts. The detailed analysis of rural areas under conditions of ambiguity and clear differences in their characteristic features (depopulation, suburbanization) enables taking into consideration not only trends of alterations, but also their causes, consequences and corrective measures in the development strategy. In this context, the analysis of the changes that have occurred in rural areas in the Opole voivodeship in 2000-2010 in the perspective of 2035 seems to be especially interesting. The main aim of the article is to draw attention to the impact of socio-economic conditioning (demography, migration, economic and professional activity) on contemporary and authentic view of the fine, but clearly aging country in the Opole voivodeship, burdened with adverse population growth and high net migration rate.

5

THE APPLICATION OF RELATIVE TAXONOMY METHODS TO THE STUDY OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS ACROSS THE PROVINCES OF POLAND

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Lira J., Głowicka-Wołoszyn R., Wołoszyn A.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 2

330-338

EN

The article applies dynamic multi-dimensional methods of relative taxonomy in an attempt to evaluate disparities in development of technical infrastructure in rural areas between the provinces of Poland. The results show that although the indices that describe the level of infrastructure development have been rising between 2004 and 2012, regional inequalities have remained high. Moreover, some of the provinces least developed in 2004 have not taken advantage of the opportunities provided by the EU accession to develop technical infrastructure in rural areas and boost their attractiveness.

6

The LEADER Programme as a Tool of Promoting Rural Development (case study)

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Gradziuk B.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2014

|

issue 1(35)

65-77

EN

The paper presents the results of studies aimed at determining the role of the LEADER Programme in supporting development of rural areas. The analysis was performed on the basis of a case study of the Local Action Group (LAG) “Ziemia Zamojska”. We used data from the LAG Office and the information contained in its strategic documents. “Ziemia Zamojska” LAG has received a total of PLN 6064 thousand for the implementation of activities under Axis 4 LEADER, of which more than three-quarters is for Action 413 “Implementing Local Development Strategies.” A significant portion of these funds were earmarked for investment projects responding to the immediate needs of the population (community centres, playgrounds, computer rooms with Internet access), which entail greater involvement of local communities. Efficient and effective use of financial resources available to the beneficiaries in the area covered by the local development strategy has a positive impact on the development of such areas and the local community. The opportunities created by financing and independent project implementation improve the quality of life (e.g., through the development of infrastructure), and above all, help to build and strengthen social capital in rural areas.

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań, mających na celu określenie roli Programu LEADER w zakresie wspierania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie studium przypadku Lokalnej Grupy Działania (LGD) „Ziemia Zamojska”. Wykorzystano dane uzyskane w Biurze LGD oraz informacje zawarte w jej dokumentach strategicznych. LGD „Ziemia Zamojska”, na realizację działań w ramach osi 4 LEADER, uzyskała łącznie 6 064 tys. zł., z tego ponad trzy czwarte na działanie 413 „Wdrażanie lokalnych strategii rozwoju”. Znaczną część tych środków przeznaczono na realizację projektów inwestycyjnych odpowiadających na bezpośrednie potrzeby mieszkańców (świetlice, place zabaw, sale komputerowe z dostępem do Internetu), a które pociągają za sobą większe zaangażowanie lokalnych społeczności. Sprawne i efektywne wykorzystanie środków finansowych, dostępnych dla beneficjentów na obszarze objętym lokalną strategią rozwoju, pozytywnie oddziałuje zarówno na rozwój danego terenu, jak i lokalnej społeczności. Możliwość uzyskania dofinansowania oraz samodzielnej realizacji projektów wpływa na poprawę jakości życia (m.in. dzięki rozwojowi infrastruktury), a przede wszystkim przyczynia się do budowy oraz wzmacniania kapitału społecznego na obszarach wiejskich.

7

A COMPARISON OF THE METHODS OF RELATIVE TAXONOMY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTIES IN WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

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Lira J.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2015

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vol. 16

|

issue 2

53-62

EN

The study analyses the possibility to measure the scale of disproportion in the development of the synthetic feature between spatial objects over a period of time on the basis of relativised values of diagnostic features. The study also proposes the construction of taxonomically relative indices of development according to the approach based on spatial median and it compares this approach with the classic approach proposed by Wydymus (2013). Both approaches are illustrated with a numerical example referring to the economic infrastructure in rural areas of the counties in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship.

8

Bariery i szanse w rozwoju lokalnym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obszarów wiejskich

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Zegar T.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

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2008

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issue 1

129-144

PL

Rozwój lokalny, czyli ten realizowany w najmniejszych jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego, jest tematem wielu badań naukowych. Systematyzacja i poszukiwanie optymalnego rozwoju polega na odpowiednim wykorzystaniu istniejących na terenie gmin zasobów naturalnych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Szczególnym przypadkiem są gminy wiejskie, obarczone sporym bagażem przeszłości, mają stosunkowo mniejszy potencjał rozwojowy niż pozostałe jednostki. Artykuł, na podstawie przeprowadzonych w 2004 roku badań ankietowych ramach projektu SURDAR, próbuje zidentyfikować najczęściej występujące bariery w rozwoju gmin, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gmin wiejskich. Do najczęściej wymienianych problemów związanych z rozwojem respondenci zaliczyli: bezrobocie, biedę, duże rozdrobnienie gospodarstw, brak nowoczesnych środków produkcji. Jako problemy najmniej istotne wymienili: wysokie zadłużenie gminy, brak współpracy i konflikty, niski poziom lokalnych szkół oraz słabą dostępność komunikacyjną. Wynika z tego między innymi, że to uboga sfera społeczna w największym stopniu determinuje rozwój gmin. Autor artykułu sprawdził na podstawie innych badań oraz danych GUS zasadność identyfikacji problemów rozwojowych przez respondentów uczestniczących w projekcie SURDAR. Główną przyczyną bezrobocia na obszarach wiejskich jest istnienie w przeszłości na ich terenie PGRów. Co wiąże się z wysoką biernością zawodową, patologiami i dziedziczną bezradnością. Uzależnienie bezrobotnych od pomocy społecznej w dużym stopniu stymuluje szarą strefę zatrudnienia i usług. Kolejnym problemem potęgującym bezrobocie jest duża skala fikcyjnej pracy w rolnictwie (bezrobocie ukryte) oraz duże rozdrobnienie agrarne szczególnie na terenach bardzo gęsto zaludnionych. Jedną z szans na rozwiązanie problemów związanych z niewystarczającym kapitałem inwestycyjnym mogłaby być spółdzielczość. Powstawanie związków i stowarzyszeń jest niezmiernie trudne, ponieważ na terenach zdegradowanych społecznie (bezrobocie, bieda) bardzo trudno jest mówić o zaufaniu. Respondenci wskazali zamkniętą liczbę czynników stymulujących rozwój w gminach. Jest to: posiadanie własnych środków finansowych, zatrudnienie, infrastruktura techniczna i społeczna, położenie geograficzne oraz cechy społeczności lokalnych. Od jakości i wartości wymienionych czynników uzależniony jest poziom rozwoju danej gminy. Autor artykułu poddał krytyce częste ukierunkowanie lokalnych dokumentów strategicznych na turystykę, która postrzegana jest jako szansa rozwoju wszystkich gmin. Podsumowaniem artykułu są rekomendacje wskazujące na wspieranie kapitału społecznego i zaufania jako czynnika prorozwojowego.

9

About social exclusion in rural areas in France: the case of elderly

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Gucher C.

EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej

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2015

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issue 2(10)/2015 Social Policy and Models of Services for the Elderly International Perspective

71-86

EN

Rural areas are frequently considered as likely to generate isolation, loneliness and risks of social exclusion for vulnerable people who live there. With investigations in two types of rural areas – fragile rural environments and rural areas subject to periurbanisation, we analyse interactions between the characteristics of the populations and characteristics of territories in the occurrence of social segregation and exclusion processes. Th e analysis will be based on the situation of pensioners and elderly people. We will show how residential and social trajectories of the people constitute an essential factor of inclusion vs exclusion in these territories.

10

The Support for the Investment Expenditure from the EU Structural Policy on the Basis of Communes in Lubelskie Voivodeship

100%

Cyburt A.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 1

69-82

EN

The study analyzed the structure and level of investment expenditure incurred in support of local government funding from the European Union (EU). It focuses on making comparisons of investment expenditure of urban-rural (22 units) and rural (171 units), Lubelskie voivodeship. The subject of analysis was also activity in obtaining EU funding of urban-rural and rural areas in the 2007–2013 programming period. The investigation period was including year 2015 which ends the possibility of spending the assistance in the programming period 2007–2013. It also shows the degree and areas obtained support of investment activities of communes by assistance funds.

11

Status prawny osób pozostających w związkach partnerskich w gospodarstwach rolnych

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Blajer P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2013

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vol. 11

191-206

EN

The typology of basic attitudes European legislators manifest with respect to the issue of cohabitation may be characterised as either progressive (favourable to the institutionalization of cohabitation relationships) or traditional (allowing for the institutionalization of marriage, construed as a relationship of a woman and a man only). The Polish legislator has consistently supported the latter view. In consequence, de facto relationships imitating marriage, i.e. cohabitation relationships (both of hetero and homosexual nature) do not enjoy the protection and care of the state guaranteed by the Constitution, which, of course, does not mean that the law prohibits such relationships. However, as a rule, cohabitation has remained unregulated, and all attempts to institutionalize relationships of this type, undertaken since 1990s, have ended in failure. To a small extent the social phenomena of cohabitation is reflected at the level of social norms which employ expressions referring to cohabitees, such as “sharing common domestic life”, “being in a de facto relationship”, “close (closest) person”. These expressions are found in many specific legal regulations, including tax law, housing law and social insurance law. In a small number of cases, they may be also found in agricultural law, including in particular the act on the determination of the agricultural system specifying the rules for trade in farmland in Poland. Therefore, these rudimental legal norms only allow for outlining the legal status of cohabitees in Poland, including cohabitees in agricultural enterprises. There are also no general regulations governing the status of women in rural areas, though it should be emphasized that Polish regulations do not contain any formal manifestation of discrimination due to gender, which should be appreciated. Nonetheless, Poland still lacks a more comprehensive state policy aimed at motivating women to enter the job market, which in turn is reflected by scarcity of legal regulations in this respect. Poland’s membership in the European Union has served as a trigger for positive change, and various mechanisms stipulated by the Rural Development Programme, including the Leader approach in particular, containincentives for higher involvement of women in work for the rural community. Nevertheless, these mechanisms continue to be insufficient and are rather first steps in the process of promoting activeness of women in rural areas than the final touch. Therefore one should hope that in future the Polish state will intensify its actions aimed at improving the situation of women in rural areas.

12

The tourism function of rural areas in Pomerania province: diversity and change

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Durydiwka M.

Turyzm

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2015

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vol. 25

|

issue 1

39-45

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the spatial diversity of the tourism function in the rural areas of Pomerania province and the changes which occurred in 1995-2013. The tourism function has been determined by means of two characteristics: the number of tourists using accommodation and the number of businesses registered in the REGON system in sections H or I. To quantify the tourism function a synthetic measure has been used according to a procedure by ZIOŁO (1973). Based on this, five levels of the development of the tourism function have been determined. The quantitative and spatial changes occurring in the development of the tourism function in rural areas have then been analyzed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the so-called tourism communes, i.e. those where the tourism function is at least at a ‘moderate’ level of development. For these communes, nine functional types have been determined, based on two characteristics (average duration of stay and share of year-round accommodation), changes which occurred in this respect in 1995-2013 have also been determined.

13

Proekologiczne instrumenty wsparcia zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich

100%

Jeżyńska B.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

|

vol. 10

251-264

EN

In Poland and in many EU member states, rural areas are the dominant part of the country’s area. Their sustainable development determines the degree of the development and progress taking place in the country. The EU Commission has decided that agriculture is an integral part of the economy and European society. The development of Europe’s rural areas and the protection of the environment should be the main goal of European societies and public authorities should be sustainable, intelligent and supporting social including. The implementation of such goals requires the development of new legal regulations creating mechanisms of the common agricultural policy, both in terms of agricultural production and its impact on rural development. In the Projects Pack 2020 CAP the range of financial instruments promoting environmental activities has changed considerably, indicating the increased importance of environmental protection in agricultural production processes and other activities carried out in rural areas. Maintaining environmental requirements is an essential prerequisite for the majority of support and constant element of monitoring, control and evaluation of economic and social activities undertaken in rural areas.

14

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS IN THE EU REGIONAL POLICY

100%

Marzewski T.

Studia Periegetica

|

2012

|

vol. 7

31-51

EN

Over the years a change could be observed in the use of tourism to meet the goals of the EU’s regional policy covering the rural areas. The change is closely connected with the role played by the regional policy within rural areas. The expansion of the regional policy saw a parallel increase in importance of tourism as a tool for executing the policy. In the beginnings of the European Community the most important task for rural areas was food production. The need to develop non-agricultural activities, such as tourism, was noticed much later. However, with the shifting of weight from agricultural production increase to development of rural areas, it has been gradually treated as an important instrument in the structural policy. The objective of the article is to verify the thesis that the evolution of regional policy was accompanied by a change in approach to developing tourism within rural areas.

15

Instrumenty kształtowania struktury obszarowej gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli instrumentów finansowych

100%

Stoksik J.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2011

|

vol. 9

218-239

EN

Commonly it is deemed, which is also confirmed in professional economical literature, that spatial structure of farms in Poland is insufficient and requires improvement. The need of this improvement is dictated by the necessity of increasing the amount of developing farms, which guarantee the fulfilment of always increasing internal and external demand on polish food and raw materials of agricultural origin necessary to produce renewable sources of energy. Actions of the state heading for improving the spatial structure of farms were taken in Poland, with different effect, throughout the whole post–war period but their intensification took place after 1990. The most important activities initiated after this year are: the supporting of crediting the purchasing of land through granting premiums to interest of bank loans and then applying different forms of financial support for structural transformations in agriculture, provided by actions of assistance programmes for agriculture and rural areas after 2004. Special role in this matter has been envisaged on structural pensions in agriculture. In practice it turned out however that non of these actions both taken separately and together have not caused significant positive changes in the spatial structure of farms. Therefore the general conclusion on the background of this analysis leads to the opinion that the essential influence on desired structural changes in agriculture, in it also on the improvement of spatial structure of farms, have mainly friendly to the producer market of foodstuff and that actions which were analysed in this paper one can impute only auxiliary function in these transformations.

16

Peripheral Rural Areas around Poznań and Their Value Measured with Economic Indicators

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Godek A., Pietrucki M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

|

issue 1(39)

135-144

EN

In the era of consumption — appropriation of rural areas located in the metropolitan region of Poznań it seems reasonable to estimate their material value. According to authors of publications on environmental services: Mizgajski, Lowicki, and authors discussing problems of sustainable development of rural areas in Poland, such as Kistowski, Matczak, and Myga-Piątek, the economic value of the natural environment is important from the point of view of geographical environment management, both at the local and regional level. The example of peripheral areas in the metropolitan region of Poznań serves to allow the authors of this study to present the approach of preparation of an economic card for the efficiency of agricultural space. The research objective was to present an evaluation of economic opportunities achievable with different classes of soils that are subject to subsequent transformations to a non-agricultural land use. The estimation of economic values based on indicators of costs and income from 1 ha of arable land, and their comparison to the indicators included in projections of financial results made for local spatial development plans allow determination of the actual value of rural areas which, as a result of suburbanization, were consumed by residential and economic stimulation.

PL

W dobie postępującej konsumpcji — zawłaszczania obszarów wiejskich położonych w strefie metropolitarnej Poznania uzasadnione jest stwierdzenie ich wartości materialnej. Jak podają autorzy publikacji dotyczących świadczeń środowiskowych, Mizgajski, Łowicki, i autorzy omawiających problemy zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Polsce, tacy jak Kistowski., Matczak, Myga-Piątek, zagadnienie wartości ekonomicznej środowiska jest istotne z punktu widzenia zarządzania środowiskiem geograficznym tak na poziomie lokalnym jak i regionalnym. Wybór obszarów peryferyjnych w obszarze metropolitarnym Poznania do badań jest dobrym przykładem do przedstawienia podejścia badawczego umożliwiającego opracowania karty ekonomicznej efektywności przestrzeni rolniczej. Zamierzenie badawcze polegało na przedstawieniu wyceny możliwości ekonomicznych osiągalnych na różnych klasach gleb, które są przedmiotem późniejszego przekształcania z funkcji rolniczej na inną funkcję zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Dokonana wycena wartości ekonomicznych oparta o mierniki kosztów i dochodów osiąganych z 1 ha gruntów rolnych i porównanie ich ze wskaźnikami wschodzącymi do prognozy skutków finansowych wykonywanych dla miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego daje możliwość określenia rzeczywistej wartości obszarów wiejskich konsumowanych w wyniku suburbanizacji na cele mieszkaniowe i aktywizacji gospodarcze. Autorzy opracowania stawiają tezę, która brzmi: czy uzyskane wyniki w postaci mierników ekonomicznych mogą być przesłanką dla urbanistów, inwestorów, ekologów do konsumowania — zawłaszczania obszarów wiejskich na cele inne niż rolnicze.

17

FUNKCJONOWANIE PARTNERSTW MIĘDZYSEKTOROWYCH W OPINII ICH CZŁONKÓW. PRZYKŁAD LOKALNYCH GRUP DZIAŁANIA WOJEWÓDZTWA PODKARPACKIEGO

100%

Pawłowska, A., Gąsior-Niemiec A., KOŁOMYCEW A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2013

|

issue 2(11)

71-87 (17)

EN

The notion of intersectoral partnership is understood in the paper in terms of vol-untary and institutionalized cooperation between stakeholders representing public, private and civic sectors. The idea of this kind of partnership is related to new ap-proaches to regional and local development in the European Union. One of the main fields in which these approaches are implemented is the field of rural areas develop-ment, where partnerships take the form of Local Action Groups (LAGs). The paper discusses selected aspects of the partnerships’ functioning, basing on an analysis of opinions expressed by their individual members in the Sub-Carpathian region.

18

THE APPLICATION OF QUANTILE REGRESSION TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATOR AND THE WATER AND SEWERAGE INFRASTRUCTURE IN RURAL AREAS OF COMMUNES IN WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

100%

Kurzawa I., Lira J.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2015

|

vol. 16

|

issue 2

33-42

EN

The article presents the usefulness of quantile regression for the analysis of diversification in entrepreneurship in rural areas of communes in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. The dependence between the entrepreneurship indicator value and the density and availability of the water and sewerage infrastructure was determined for individual quantiles of the entrepreneurship indicator distribution. This approach enables estimation of different quantile functions of the conditional cumulative distribution function of the entrepreneurship indicator. This analysis enables atypical observations when the conditional cumulative distribution function is diversified and does not have a standard form.

19

Koncepcje rozwoju europejskiego rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich

100%

Roszkowska-Mądra B.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2009

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vol. 235

|

issue 10

83-102

EN

The paper looks at the prevalent approach to agricultural and rural development in the European Union, describing its origin, essence and the rationale behind it. The analysis makes use of descriptive and comparative methods. The author notes that the policy of sustainable development is currently the common approach to development processes in agriculture and rural areas in both the European Union and elsewhere. This approach is a response to some negative trends provoked by previous policies,Roszkowska-Mądra says. As the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) changes, it is becoming increasingly oriented toward sustainable development. According to Roszkowska-Mądra, an optimal approach to the development of Poland’s rural areas, under the current socioeconomic and environmental conditions, is proposed by a French model calling for the development of what is known as multifunctional agriculture. The model involves a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors adapted to the type of farming system.

20

Obszary wiejskie województw zachodniopomorskiego i małopolskiego – analiza porównawcza dynamiki zmian w latach 2004–2008

100%

Karmowska G.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

|

2011

|

vol. 15

226-241

PL

Celem artykułu jest porównanie rozwoju dwóch województw, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obszarów wiejskich. Województwa te leżą na przeciwległych krańcach Polski. Okres badawczy to rok 2004 i porównawcze 2008 rok. Do badań użyto podstawowych mierników rozwoju ekonomicznego, gospodarczego, społecznego i demograficznego. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy regiony te wymagają innych kierunków rozwoju i innych instrumentów jego pobudzania, czy okres czteroletni w UE został jednakowo przez te województwa wykorzystany. Przeprowadzone analizy nie dały jednoznacznych odpowiedzi na stawiane pytania. Są obszary, w których tempo zmian jest dla obu województw jednakowe (np. PKB per capita, przeciętne miesięczne wynagrodzenie w rolnictwie, strukturę wieku ludności), a też takie gdzie występują znaczne różnice, raz ze wskazaniem województwa zachodniopomorskiego, innym razem województwa małopolskiego. By dać jednoznaczną odpowiedź należałoby przeprowadzić bardziej szczegółowe badania i wykorzystać dodatkowo inne np. syntetyczne miary rozwoju.

EN

The articles purpose is to compare the development of two regions, with the special Research period is between 2004 and 2008. During research were used basic measures of economical, social and demographical development. Attempt was taken to answer these questions, does this regions need different ways of development and instruments of activization? Does the four years period in UE was properly used by these areas? Conducted analysis didn’t gave clear answers for the questions. There are areas where the rate of changes are similar for both regions (GDP, average monthly salary in agriculture, population age structure) but there are also great differences, some on the side of Zachodniopomorskie region and some on the side of Małopolskie. To give clear answers to these questions there should be conducted more specific studies and use other like synthetic measures of development.

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