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1

Proměny přístupů ke konceptualizaci venkovského prostoru v rurálních studiích

100%

Hruška V.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2014

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vol. 50

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issue 4

581-602

EN

The article focuses on various approaches to conceptualising rural space within the evolution of (in particular British) rural studies. The overview starts with the functional definitions (descriptive and socio-cultural) typical for the positivist and modern period of rural studies. Descriptive and sociocultural definitions derive from the rural-urban dichotomy or continuum, and the rural space is defined in relation to cities as non-urban space. Since the 1980s the political-economic approach has significantly influenced rural studies, transformed them into a more critical science, and introduced a definition of the rural as a locality. This definition, however, only became accepted when it was combined with a definition of the rural as social representation. That definition is a product of the cultural turn in rural studies that has occurred since the 1990s, when post-modern and post-structural approaches penetrated rural studies and promoted fruitful scholarly discussion that then positioned rural geography firmly among other geographical sub-disciplines. Current hybrid approaches to the conceptualisation of rural space combine both material and ideational definitions of the rural and include also rural practices, through which the material and the ideational rural are interlinked.

2

Aspekty przestrzenne kształtowania ustroju rolnego

88%

Wierzbowski B.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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vol. 14

29-45

EN

The article presents the relations between the legislator’s activities aimed at the formation of the agricultural system structure and the instruments for the planning and spatial development of rural areas. The agricultural system may be defined as a set of internal and external legal, economic and social relations concerning the operation of agricultural farms. Among the external relations, an essential role is played by the relations resulting from the spatial situation of agricultural farms, directly associated with the use of land and other natural resources. During the interwar period these relations were structured correctly in both the constitution and statutory law. The structure of rural space was formed with due account of the interests of not only farmers, but also other users of the space, as well as the developmental needs of urban settlements. These relations were considerably disturbed during the communist era because of the concept of agriculture socialisation, which left a permanent mark on rural space. Liberalisation of agricultural property trading as of 1 October 1990 and unavailability of appropriate instruments in planning and spatial development laws supported the harmful phenomenon of rural space being used for non-agricultural purposes. Rural space shrank against the principle of sustainable development. The amendment of the Agricultural System Structure Formation Act, made on 14 April 2016, is an opportunity to bring back the proper relations between formation of the agricultural system structure and formation of the rural space structure.

3

The Geo-Demographic Dimension of Romanian Rural Space

88%

Staşac M., Albu I., Stupariu M.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 13

19-30

EN

Knowing, researching into and developing the rural space are activities of utmost importance for a country, both by the dimension of the rural space, expressed by the surface as such, and by the dimension of the demographic component (of the rural population). Referring to Romanian rural space, this is dominant, representing almost 94% of Romania's total surface (93.7%). In what concerns the demographic component (population), as it is known, this confers a particular dynamics to the rural space, generating a series of quantitative and qualitative aspects. At present the share of the rural population reaches 47% out of the total of Romania's population. Generally speaking, we can assert that the village and generally the Romanian village remains further on the main propeller of life. Thus the share of the rural population, besides the whole range of socio-demographic indicators, which can outline the degree of stability or instability of the rural space, as well as other basic indicators, such as the share of the rural population occupied in productive activities, socio-cultural services, tourism activities, etc., enhance the importance of the rural life from one country or another, reason for which the development of the rural space remains a problem of a national and international level. Consequently, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has raised the issue of the rural space at the level of European and Community policy.

4

Płeć w przestrzeni wiejskiej

75%

Grochola-Szczepanek H.

Horyzonty Wychowania

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 27

51-69

EN

The essence of the article is to present how the model of gender exists in the rural environment, to identify the most important male and female roles and to show the way gender is perceived. Over the centuries traditional rural community has created its own system of gender that is different from the one present in the mass culture. Research in the south of the Lesser Poland area shows a clear distinction between feminine and masculine worlds. These two worlds exist side by side, but also in opposition to each other. Men and women work and fulfil their roles in different areas. Female activity is confined to the private sphere; home, family, raising children and working on the farm. Public sphere is male-dominated. Man works outside home, earns money to support his family, makes important decisions and represents his family outside. Man is dominant and woman – subordinated in the traditional male and female system. Individualism and deviations from the accepted norms are perceived as negative. It should be noted that women are subject to greater public control and criticism than men in undesirable situations, such as cohabitation or divorce. Mass culture and social transformations are influencing changes in the rural male-female system and in the local world view regarding masculinity and femininity.

PL

Istotą artykułu jest przedstawienie modelu funkcjonowania płci w środowisku wiejskim, wskazanie najważniejszych męskich i kobiecych ról oraz sposobu postrzegania płci. Tradycyjna społeczność wiejska wytworzyła w ciągu wieków własny układ płci, który różni się od znanego z kultury ogólnej. Badania na południu Małopolski wskazują na wyraźny podział na świat kobiecy i męski. Te dwa światy istnieją obok siebie, ale także w opozycji do siebie. Kobiety i mężczyźni pracują i realizują się w odmiennych przestrzeniach. Kobieca aktywność ogranicza się do sfery prywatnej, domu, rodziny, wychowania dzieci i pracy w gospodarstwie. W sferze publicznej dominuje świat męski. Mężczyzna pracuje poza domem, zarabia na utrzymanie rodziny, podejmuje ważne decyzje i reprezentuje swoją rodzinę na zewnątrz. W tradycyjnym układzie męsko-damskim dominujący jest mężczyzna, a kobieta – podporządkowana. Indywidualizm i odstępstwa od przyjętych schematów przyjmowane są negatywnie. Należy podkreślić, że kobiety podlegają większej kontroli społecznej niż mężczyźni oraz krytyce w sytuacjach niepożądanych, na przykład konkubinat, rozwód. Kultura masowa oraz przemiany społeczne wpływają obecnie na zmiany w wiejskim układzie męsko-damskim oraz światopoglądzie mieszkańców dotyczącym męskości i kobiecości.

5

Malé venkovské školy na trhu se základním vzděláváním: Jejich působnost a marketing na příkladu Turnovska

75%

Kučerová S. R., Bláha J. D., Pavlasová Z.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 4

607-636

EN

The article deals with selected issues relating to the provision and accessibility of primary education in rural, non-exposed areas. These issues are examined from the viewpoint that various conditions force even public education to be guided by certain principles of the free market (e.g. competing for clients), although its actions in this respect are simultaneously rather constrained. The article sets out to analyse the primary education market in a model region Turnov (situated in Czechia) in relation to the type of catchment area. It discusses the pitfalls of public school marketisation, and it analyses the spatial distribution of schools in the model region and the schools’ jurisdictions based on the different types of catchment areas, which are defined and created in the form of cartographic visualisation. The article also examines four municipalities with small rural school as case studies selected on the basis of representing different types of catchment area. The authors discuss the findings of in-depth interviews that were conducted with headmasters, school operators, and some parents in the four municipalities in order to identify the strategies that schools can use to strengthen their position in the primary education market. The authors find that not only do schools’ marketing strategies vary little depending on their geographical location but the majority of schools in the case study have not formulated a unique and systematic vision and mission for their school. The principal features of all the schools studied are their self-identification in opposition to the culture of urban schools.

6

Tradition and Modernity in the Romanian Rural Space. Case Study: the Arges Sub-Carpathian Foothills

75%

Manea G., Matei E., Vijulie I., Marin M., Cocos O., Tiscovschi A.

Eastern European Countryside

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2013

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vol. 19

127-151

EN

This paper intends to demonstrate on the basis of a case study that rural people’s access to modern goods and services is not necessarily a relentless source of deculturalisation, because it sometimes allows a better management and valorisation of the main characteristics of the rural space. Despite socio-economic unrest and successive changes of political regimes that took place in Romania during the last century, the human communities within the Arges foothills have defended with dignity their traditional material and spiritual values, passing them down from generation to generation. In the medium and long-term, the valorisation of the Romanian rural space, in general, and of that belonging to the Arges foothills, in particular, will imply the creation of a balance between the valuable cultural potential and the quality of life of the inhabitants, who are the keepers of rural cultural heritage. At present, the best thing to do to pass on the traditions of this area is to proudly accept the affiliation to this geographical space. This is true not only for the permanent inhabitants of rural settlements, but mostly for those who have left the countryside to carry it in their minds and souls. In our opinion, this fact is a pre-requisite for preventing the loss of material and spiritual values of this cultural-historical space.

7

From State-Socialist Ambitions of Romanian Rural Indutrialisation to Post-Socialist Rural Deindutrialisation: Two Case Studies From Romania

75%

Jucu I. S.

Eastern European Countryside

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2016

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vol. 22

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issue 1

165-195

EN

The post-socialist changes in Romania’s communities profoundly changed the rural settlements with similar, contrasting and tensioned trends in the local rural development. The purpose of this study is to focus on the post-socialist rural dereliction. The paper unveils the post-socialist rural transformation in Romania, from the state-socialist interventions in rural industrialisation, to the post-socialist rural identity formation, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. During this process, two sampled case studies were thoroughly analysed, namely the Tomeşti and Margina communes – two rural settlements intensely industrialised under the former state-socialist political regime and with multiple consequences during the post-90s period in their local development. According to recent theories on economic changes reflected in local rural spatial development, the idea of rural dereliction remains peripheral and, at the same time, a hot-spot issue in the contemporary research on rural restructuring. In addition, recent theories on social and economic changes provide useful frameworks in studying the production of rural ruins. With post-socialist deindustrialisation, and under new post-90 capitalist rules in local rural development, rural communities faced multiple problems in creating their own post-socialist identity. Accordingly, this study highlights the local problems of rural deindustrialisation in the inner rural pattern of the investigated sites. While some rural communities embrace slow rural spatial regeneration trends, others remain ruined, marginalised and declined. The findings of the study confirm the presence of derelict abandoned places, thus highlighting the need for further proper interventions in local rural development, and for further fertile scientific dialogues to promote suitable strategies in Romanian rural regeneration on the local scale.

8

Odnowa wsi i rozwój obszarów wiejskich po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie gminy Ślesin, w województwie wielkopolskim

63%

Bielecka M.

Acta Politica Polonica

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2020

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vol. 49

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issue 1

41-49

EN

The aim of the article is to show the changes that have taken place in the rural space in Poland, as a result of the implementation of regional village revival programs, on the example of the Ślesin Commune in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The issues of agriculture were omitted, and issues concerning the rural revival model from the perspective of Poland’s membership in the European Union were presented.

PL

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie zmian, jakie zachodziły i zachodzą w przestrzeni wiejskiej w Polsce w wyniku wprowadzania regionalnych programów odnowy wsi, na przykładzie gminy Ślesin położonej w województwie wielkopolskim. Pominięte zostały kwestie rolnictwa, a ukazane zostały zagadnienia dotyczące odnowy wsi z perspektywy członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej.

9

Zmienność funkcji w przestrzeni wiejskiej

63%

Czapiewska G.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2021

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issue 55

21-43

EN

Nowadays, rural areas fulfill various functions in the socio-economic development. The functions of rural areas evolve to create a multifunctional space. The aim of this study is to illustrate the changes taking place in the various functions of rural areas and their development. On the basis of literature studies in the field of the undertaken issues, differences in the researchers’ approach to multifunctional development in Poland are presented. The elements influencing the multifunctional development of rural areas and agriculture were highlighted, indicating the causes, effects and barriers of this concept. Based on various criteria, the classification of rural and agricultural functions has been presented. The development of non-agricultural functions in rural space will help maintain the vitality of the countryside, ensure an adequate standard of living for its inhabitants and continue to fulfill a number of functions, often innovative and perspective ones. The issues discussed in the article may constitute a starting point for further in-depth research.

PL

Współcześnie obszary wiejskie wypełniają zróżnicowane funkcje w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym. Funkcje terenów wiejskich ewoluują, tworząc przestrzeń wielofunkcyjną. Celem opracowania jest zobrazowanie zmian zachodzących w poszczególnych funkcjach obszarów wiejskich i ich rozwój. Na podstawie studiów literatury z zakresu podejmowanej problematyki, przedstawiono różnice w podejściu badaczy do kwestii rozwoju wielofunkcyjnego w Polsce. Uwypuklono elementy wpływające na wielofunkcyjny rozwój wsi i rolnictwa, wskazując na przyczyny, skutki i bariery tej koncepcji. W oparciu o różnorodne kryteria zobrazowano klasyfikacje funkcji wsi i rolnictwa. Rozwijanie w przestrzeni wiejskiej funkcji innych niż rolnicza pozwolą na utrzymanie żywotności wsi, zapewnienie odpowiedniego standardu życia jej mieszkańcom i dalszego spełniania przez nie szeregu funkcji, często innowacyjnych i perspektywicznych.

10

Le Entre réclusion et délivrance : poétique de l’espace dans Le corps de ma mère de Faouzia Zouari

45%

Herzi S.

e-Scripta Romanica

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2022

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vol. 10

108-117

EN

Considered a geographical concept par excellence, space has invested the literary field, to underline the importance of its role in the configuration of a text, both in terms of decor, characters and plot. Much more than a simple scenic element, space crystallizes a set of data, the meanings of which reveal the way it is perceived or designed. In Le corps de ma mère the narrator evokes her mother and, through her, the life of Bedouin women in Tunisia. She recounts how she managed to free herself from a long ancestral tradition that is particularly restrictive for women and describes the changes that occurred with the Jasmine Revolution. The book shows a gap between the countryside and a big city in Tunisia, between traditional culture, religion, superstition, demons, ancestral customs, tales and modernization. In fact, the novelist gives us the extraordinary family story of Yamna, her mother, who lived in a small village in Tunisia, secluded for fifty years in her house. Then, ill, she found herself uprooted in Tunis, where her children insisted that she should be cared for. At the modern hospital where she is going to die, she is accompanied by her daughters to make confessions that reveal a perception of space that is based on the ambivalence between confinement and deliverance. The opposition between urban space and rural space, in particular the indictment drawn up against the capital, as well as the female body as an ideological space will be the objects of this study.

FR

Étant considérée par les critiques comme un art essentiellement temporel, la littérature se caractérise aussi par une ‘spatialité’, comme le souligne d’ailleurs Genette dans sa Figure II. En effet, le temps, les personnages et l’espace sont des composantes à pied d’égalité. Ceci dit, que l’espace est « une composante essentielle de la machine narrative » (Mitterand, 1980, pp. 211-212), qui détermine les relations entre les personnages et influe, d’une façon ou d’une autre, sur leurs actions. De fait, l’espace n’est pas un simple élément scénique, il établit des liens complexes avec les autres éléments du récit (temps, personnages et péripéties). L’analyse de ces liens et des significations de ces éléments révèle la façon dont le cadre spatial est perçu ou conçu. Dans Le corps de ma mère de Faouzia Zouari, la narratrice évoque la vie des femmes bédouines de Tunisie, et celle de sa mère, en particulier. Elle relate l’influence de l’espace dans laquelle cette dernière évolue, comment celle-ci est parvenue à se libérer d’une longue tradition ancestrale particulièrement contraignante pour les femmes, et décrit les mutations survenues avec la révolution du Jasmin. Le livre se compose de trois parties, et chacune d’elle se caractérise par son cadre spatial spécifique. Celui qui domine la première et la troisième partie, ‘le corps de ma mère’ et ‘l’exil de ma mère’, est Tunis (la capitale) et ses ‘cités de béton’. La romancière nous livre, dans ces deux chapitres, le récit familial extraordinaire de Yamna, sa mère qui a vécu dans un petit village de Tunisie, recluse pendant cinquante ans dans sa maison. Puis, malade, la vieille femme s’est trouvée déracinée à Tunis, où ses enfants insistaient pour qu’elle se fasse soignée. A l’hôpital moderne où elle va mourir, elle est accompagnée par ses filles, pour faire des confessions qui laissent transparaitre une perception de l’espace qui repose sur l’ambivalence entre réclusion et délivrance. La deuxième partie décrit le fossé entre campagne et grande ville en Tunisie, entre cultures traditionnelles, religion, superstition, djinns, coutumes ancestrales, contes et modernisation. L’opposition entre l’espace urbain et l’espace rural, en particulier le réquisitoire dressé contre la capitale, puis le corps féminin comme espace idéologique feront les objets de notre présente étude.

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