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EN
According to the general theory of attention the selective function creates the perceptive and cognitive fractions. Conversely the controlling function creates behavioural and immanent fractions. Particular connection with visual attention has the perceptive function. It as two types such as an exploratory attention and as a penetrative attention. Former guides the process of focusing areas of retina with an existing image onto the central area ranking them accordingly with their physical properties such as density, contrast, motion, etc. The penetrative attention constantly creates a program of an object’s identification comprised of memory imprints and current spacial relation between the observed object and the observing eye. The cognitive attention supports only processing of imagering. It doesn’t involve oculomotoric activity. The full text of the article explores as well relationships between visual attention and phenomenons of classic psychology: Perky’s effect, eidetic imagery and alternative figures and silhouettes.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakościowych, w których wykorzystano technologię eyetrackingową w celu analizy procesu rozwiązywania zadania algorytmicznego przedstawionego w postaci schematu blokowego. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród uczniów gimnazjum. Identyfikacji metod analizy algorytmu przez badanych dokonano na podstawie filmów rejestrujących ścieżki wzroku (scanpath), które umożliwiają śledzenie przebiegu procesu przetwarzania informacji. Uzyskane rezultaty pozwoliły odkryć, że nie wszyscy uczniowie, którzy podali poprawne odpowiedzi, prawidłowo rozwiązywali zadanie. Badania pokazały również, że w przypadku rozwiązywania zadań algorytmicznych konieczność dokonywania w pamięci nawet prostych obliczeń może stanowić poważne obciążenie poznawcze dla rozwiązującego zadanie. To spostrzeżenie nasuwa wniosek, iż w czasie weryfikacji umiejętności analizy algorytmu przez uczniów należy umożliwić im dokonywanie zapisu wyników obliczeń. Wyniki eksperymentu pokazują zatem, iż technologia eyetrackingowa może być stosowana w procesie doskonalenia metod nauczania algorytmiki i programowania.
EN
This article presents the results of qualitative research, which used eyetracking technology to analyze the process of solving an algorithmic task shown in the form of block diagram. The survey was conducted among middle school students. Identification of the methods of analysis of the algorithm by the respondents were based on films, which record the sights track (scan path), that allows to track the information processing process. The obtained results have revealed that not all students who gave correct answers, were solving the task in correct way. The study also showed that in the case of solving algorithmic tasks, the need to make even simple calculations in memory, can be a heavy cognitive burden for task solver. This observation leads to the conclusion that during the verification of students skills of analysis of algorithms, students should be allowed to make recording of the calculations. The experimental results show, therefore, that eye-tracking technology can be used in the process of improving the methods of teaching of algorithms and programming.
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