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1

Polityka galicyjskich władz autonomicznych w zakresie handlu solą

100%

Broński K.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2014

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vol. 19

74-87

EN

In the nineteenth century the monopoly of salt industry functioned throughout the Habsburg monarchy. This monopoly acknowledged the underground salt for state ownership. Until the early 1890s the sale of salt took place on free-market principles. Recognizing the need to control the prices of salt as an important article of first necessity, Galician autonomous government decided to organize salt trade themselves. Under the agreement of 1892 with the Austrian government the sale of salt was organized by the National Department. The National Parliament had also set up a special Commission which oversaw the activities of the National Department regarding the sale of salt. The responsibility of the National Department was also to sell kainite (fertilizer salt). At the end of the nineteenth century there functioned 280 stores and 3500 agencies of salt trade under the National Board of Salt in Galicia. Therefore, domestic authorities in Galicia managed to organize the sale of salt at low prices, which was of great importance for the poverty – stricken community of the region. Despite many efforts, the attempts to obtain the right to mine salt under the control of Galician autonomous authorities’ board were unsuccessful.

2

Rola rodziny Stroganowów w rozwoju przemysłu solnego w Rosji w XVI-XVIII wieku

72%

Krokosz P.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2012

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vol. 28

205-265

XX

The article discusses the contribution of the Stroganov family to the development of the salt industry in Russia between the 16th and the 18th century. Individual members of the family, thanks to their entrepreneurship and resourcefulness managed, in the course of years, to create profitable salt manufacturing companies providing the Russian market with huge quantities of salt every year. In the middle of the 16th century, Anika Stroganov received the right from Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible to settle the empty lands over the Kama River along with a permit for exploitation of local salt springs. Soon, the members of the Stroganov family residing in the eastern areas launched a large number of saltworks, thereby contributing to quicker colonization of such lands by Russia. In the 1580’s, they supported the Cossack ataman, Yermak Timofeyevich, setting off to conquer Siberia. Until the first decades of the 17th century, huge areas of land owned by the Stroganov family functioned as a buffer securing the Moscow State from the attacks of Siberian Tatars. Moreover, the Stroganov family, having their own military units at their disposal, received the right to penetrate the lands east of the Urals. Profits drawn from salt produced in the basin of the Kama River attracted subsequent entrepreneurs to these areas, with whom the Stroganov family had to compete, sometimes even losing their own land along with the salt springs and saltworks located there. In the second half of the 17th century, Grigory Dimitrovich Stroganov, thanks to a skillful policy and not avoiding the use of persuasion, money and force, managed to take away property and saltworks from his relatives, thereby becoming the leading producer of salt in Russia. At the beginning of the 18th century, his saltworks provided approx. 3 million poods (1 pood = 16.38 kg) of salt to the internal market, which constituted 60% of the total domestic production of salt. Along with Grigory Dimitrovich’s death in 1715, his property was divided among his sons, who were not able to sustain the salt production on the former level. In the course of time, the salt making activity of the Stroganov family has disappeared and the saltworks were taken over by third parties. When discussing the contribution of the Stroganov family to development of the salt making industry in Russia over the period of three centuries, it is impossible to overlook the salt-making activity of the Spasso-Preobrazhensky Monastery established by the family members in the 2nd half of the 16th century, known as Pyskorsky from the name of the nearby river – the Pyskorka. It is worth noticing that Russian monasteries, including Solovetsky, Troitsko-Sergeyevsky, Kyryllo-Byalozhersky, were also involved in the production of salt on a large scale at that time. The small Pyskorsky monastery, located in the Stroganov properties over the Kama River, was not able to compete with enterprises of its founders, but it was an important production centre, providing the local market with the indispensable salt.

3

Dawne tradycje warzenia soli na terenach Bojkowszczyzny

58%

Danczyn R.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2012

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vol. 28

267-274

EN

In her article, the author presents information regarding the tradition of salt evaporation in the Boiko region; in the introduction, she informs that the beginning of the process of salt mining in the history of Ukraine was a phenomenon known as chumatstvo. Chumatstvo was a trade and transport association of people, which has been shaped in the areas of Southern Ukraine for the purpose of organizing supplies of salt from Northern Crimea to Ukraine, Poland and to other neighbouring countries. Subsequently, the author discusses various saline sources in Ukraine, together with their genesis, history and location; she presents a place called Stara Sól (Old Salt) with respect to its significance in the history of salt production.

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2 Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

1 Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

1 Broński K.

1 Danczyn R.

1 Krokosz P.

1 2014

2 2012

Polityka galicyjskich władz autonomicznych w zakresie handlu solą

Rola rodziny Stroganowów w rozwoju przemysłu solnego w Rosji w XVI-XVIII wieku

Dawne tradycje warzenia soli na terenach Bojkowszczyzny