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1
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Odbudowa i przebudowa kościoła parafialnego św. Klemensa w Wieliczce w X IX w. i wkład finansowy Saliny w jego restaurację

100%
Rzepka L.
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
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1999
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vol. 6
EN
From the 15th century the parish provided pastoral care for miners from the Wieliczka salt mine, in exchange for which the mine board paid salt fees (since ca. 1703 in cash) to the provost and was obliged to participate in the church's upkeep costs. In 1772 the obligations were taken over by the Austrian administrators of the Wieliczka mine, hence the participation of the Salt Mine Board in the costs of reconstructing the church following the destruction caused by the subterranean tremor in the 1780s.
PL
Od XIV w. parafia obejmowała opieką duszpasterską górników żupy wielickiej, w zamian za co zarząd żupy wypłacał pensje solne (od ok. 1703 r. pieniężne) proboszczowi i zobowiązany był współuczestniczyć w kosztach utrzymania kościoła. Zobowiązania te zostały w 1772 roku przejęte przez austriacką administrację saliny wielickiej, stąd też Zarząd Salinarny partycypował w kosztach odbudowy kościoła po zniszczeniach, spowodowanych w latach osiemdziesiątych XVIII w., wstrząsami podziemnymi.
2
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Katastrofalny wyciek słodkiej wody w poprzeczni Kloski w wielickiej kopalni soli w 1868 roku. Reminiscencje społeczne

84%
Skubisz M.
Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
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2020
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vol. 34
82-179
EN
The sudden leak of fresh water in the Kloski cross-cut at level V of the Wieliczka mine in 1868 was the beginning of the struggle against forces of nature, which lasted 11 years. Quite quickly, the lower parts of the mine were filled with water; there was also a realistic threat of flooding of the remaining excavations, emergence of rock slides and surface subsidence. Efforts were made to prevent further damages; unfortunately, the early attempts to eliminate the outflow turned out unsuccessful. Experts came to Wieliczka to decide how to protect the mine against further losses or even overall liquidation. Steam engines and pumps of high capacity were introduced to gradually remove water from the flooded chambers and galleries. However, when it seemed that the situation was under control, another sudden outflow of water took place in the Kloski cross-cut and then in the Colloredo 2 cross-cut. Ultimately, the outflow was blocked by spontaneous clamping of the previously discovered caverns Information on the threat to the mine and to Wieliczka itself gained great publicity in the former lands of Poland and even far from its borders. Initially, the local and foreign press provided reports on the situation in the Wieliczka mine almost every day. In response, the general public showed great interest in the issue, expressed – among other things – by letters and telegrams sent to the Wieliczka saltworks both by amateurs and professionals, advising the authorities on how to eliminate the leak. The threat to the mine and the people working in it exerted substantial impact on the Wieliczka inhabitants, who feared for their jobs and houses. This purely technical and mining event was unexpectedly reflected in literature and art. Sketches, drawings, graphic prints and oil paintings were created. As a votive offering for saving of the Wieliczka mine from flooding with fresh water flowing out of the Kloski cross-cut, the Chapel of Holy Cross was constructed at level II of the mine.
PL
Gwałtowny wyciek słodkiej wody w poprzeczni Kloski na V poziomie wielickiej kopalni w 1868 r. zapoczątkował walkę z żywiołem, która trwała 11 lat. Dość szybko dolne partie kopalni zostały wypełnione wodą, istniało też realne zagrożenie zalania pozostałych wyrobisk, powstania obwałów i zapadlisk powierzchniowych. Starano się nie dopuścić do dalszych zniszczeń, niestety pierwsze próby zatamowania wypływu okazały się nieudane. Do Wieliczki przybywali eksperci, którzy mieli zdecydować, jak uchronić kopalnię przed dalszymi stratami, a nawet całkowitą likwidacją. Sprowadzono maszyny parowe i pompy o dużej mocy, by stopniowo usuwać wodę z zatopionych komór i chodników. Kiedy wydawało się, że sytuacja została opanowana, doszło jednak do ponownego gwałtownego wypływu wody w poprzeczni Kloski, a później w poprzeczni Colloredo 2. Ostatecznie wypływ został zatamowany wskutek samoczynnego zaciskania się odkrytych wcześniej kawern. Informacje o zagrożeniu kopalni i samej Wieliczki odbiły się szerokim echem na ziemiach dawnej Polski, a nawet daleko poza jej granicami. Prasa lokalna i zagraniczna początkowo niemal codziennie dostarczała informacji o sytuacji w wielickiej kopalni. Spotkało się to z wielkim zainteresowaniem i szerokim odzewem społecznym, który wyrażał się m.in. przesyłaniem do saliny wielickiej – zarówno przez fachowców, jak i amatorów – licznych telegramów oraz listów z radami, mającymi pomóc w zatamowaniu wycieku. Zagrożenie dla kopalni, a co za tym idzie dla pracujących w niej ludzi, miało też duży wpływ na mieszkańców Wieliczki, którzy obawiali się o źródło utrzymania oraz o swoje domy. Opisane wydarzenie z zakresu techniki, górnictwa nieoczekiwanie znalazło swe odzwierciedlenie w literaturze i sztuce. Tworzono szkice, rysunki, odbitki graficzne oraz obrazy olejne. Natomiast jako wotum za uratowanie wielickiej kopalni przed zalaniem słodkimi wodami wypływającymi z poprzeczni Kloski powstała na poziomie IIw kopalni kaplica św. Krzyża.
3
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Solne dziedzictwo regionu w działalności Klubu Przyjaciół Wieliczki

84%
Stabrawa-Powęska K.
Zeszyty Wiejskie
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2021
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vol. 27
275-295
EN
For centuries, the inhabitants of a small city like Wieliczka have built a culture whose sources should be sought in the workplace – the salt mine. However, today’s Wieliczka is much more diverse than in the past. Primarily, it is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of tourists every year. In my article, I will try to answer the question of whether it is possible to capture elements of mining heritage in a touristic place like Wieliczka? In paper, I will present examples of how heritage is shaped by local enthusiasts of the salt mining in Wieliczka and in the vicinity. Attention will be focused on selected activities of one of the local associations – the Wieliczka Friends Club.
PL
Mieszkańcy niewielkiego miasta, jakim jest Wieliczka, od wieków tworzyli kulturę, której źródeł należy szukać w miejscu pracy – kopalni soli. Jednak dzisiejsza Wieliczka jest znacznie bardziej zróżnicowana niż dawniej. Jest to przede wszystkim popularny cel turystyczny, przyciągający co roku miliony turystów. W swojej pracy postaram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy możliwe jest uchwycenie elementów dziedzictwa solnego w miejscu turystycznym, jakim jest Wieliczka? W artykule przedstawię przykłady tego, jak dziedzictwo jest kształtowane przez lokalnych miłośników górnictwa soli w Wieliczce i okolicach. Uwaga zostanie skupiona na wybranych działaniach jednego z funkcjonujących stowarzyszeń – Klubu Przyjaciół Wieliczki.
4
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Konie w służbie salinarnej

67%
Charkot J.
Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
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2014
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issue 29
69-98
XX
Horses supported miners’ work throughout the period of the production operation of the Wieliczka and Bochnia salt mines. The only thing that changed was the nature and scope of this assistance. Initially it was limited to the maintenance tasks of saltworks farms, salt transport to warehouses by the Vistula River and the supply of wood for the protection of underground workings. From the middle of the fifteenth century, horses were incorporated directly in the process of salt production as traction force for horsemills installed over shafts. In the next century in Wieliczka and in the seventeenth century in Bochnia horses also started to work underground. Until the 1860s, they mainly served horsemills, and later, in the era of mechanized vertical transport, they served the underground horizontal transport. Most horses in both mining centers were working in the eighteenth century – about 60 in the Bochnia mine, and in Wieliczka usually more than 100. In the first one, the last horse finished its work in the 1970s, and in the second one only in 2002. Horses were surrounded with due care by miners who actually cared about their nutrition, health, proper work and rest regimens. Employees of the mine and animals “employed” for a longer time developed a special bond.
5
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Opis trasy turystycznej Kopalni Soli Wieliczka w świetle opracowania Jana Nepomucena oraz ludwika Emanuela Hrdinów z 1842 roku

67%
Konwerska B.
Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
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2017
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vol. 32
10-68
XX
Geschichte der Wieliczkaer Saline is a unique source for every researcher who is learning about the history, geology and mining technique of the Wieliczka salt mine. The authors, professionally connected and obviously fascinated by the Wieliczka mine, created its full picture, taking into consideration all the aspects of everyday life of a salt business. The versatility of the 1842 publication is strongly evidenced by the last part of the monograph − Beschreibung der Werkwürdigkeiten des Wieliczkaer Steinsaltzwerkes als Leitfaden bei der gewühnlichen Gasttour− prepared by Ludwig Emanuel as an appendix presenting the tourist route of that time. The entire work of the Hrdina brothers, which consists of texts, lithographs and maps, brings us closer to the multilayered picture of the history of the Wieliczka salt mine until the first half of the 19th century. The text of this appendix, its lithographs and maps form a  specific guide which contains not only a description of the then route, but, above all, guidelines for “strangers” planning to visit the Wieliczka salt mine. This collection could function, independently from the 1842 study, as an individual book dedicated to masses of tourists coming to Wieliczka. This illustrated material allowed visitors not only to consolidate and organise their memories, but it also enabled all those who had never reached the Wieliczka mine to familiarise themselves with the underground picturesque world, with its peculiarity and mysteries. It is therefore not surprising that until 1892, when Awit Szubert took the first black and white photographs of the Wieliczka mine interiors, the drawings prepared by the Hrdina brothers and their detailed description of the tourist route were the most frequently used information and illustrative materials for numerous national and foreign publications about Wieliczka. Before 1892, the management board would answer each query concerning the mine’s interior images with recommendations to use the lithographs by Ludwig Emanuel Hrdina and John of Nepomuk. The authors of the 1842 monograph not only managed to capture the exceptional picture of the Wieliczka salt mine, but they also succeeded in recording a rare phenomenon of the 19th century − an underground tourism. What is more, the uniqueness of the Wieliczka salt mine lies in the fact that it is one of the oldest tourist attractions in Poland, as well as one of the first fully organised tourist destinations. It is important to remember that in the 19th century partitioned Poland, over 100 museums were established. Most of them were founded in the second half of the 19th century, when the Wieliczka mine had already introduced a well-organised and well-functioning system of first fees for visitors. In January 1868 the salt mine authorities announced the first tariff in the history of Wieliczka tourism. They used attractions originally prepared for special, crowned guests. Purchased tickets involved lighting of the underground route and aforementioned additional attractions. It is worth adding that in the second half of the 19th century Austrian salt mine administration established, apart from the underground tourist route, Museum of the Mining School − an educational centre with scientific support and a  small exposition of souvenirs in the building of the Rudolf’s shaft top, commemorating personalities visiting the mine. At the very end of the 19th century these meticulously gathered elements were located in the Salt Mine Museum in the so-called Sztygarówka building. Finally, it should be noted that the tourist route, once accepted by the Austrian authorities, to a certain extent has been operating to this day. Naturally, over these 200 years its reach and character have changed significantly. Today’s underground route includes more than 40 chambers. This is twice the number of the route from the first half of the 19th century. Another important aspect is that over the past few years decorations of individual mine workings have changed. This can be most easily seen in the Drozdowice Chamber, where a wooden pillar and cribs were built during the years 1900- 1901. It is worth noting that the then route did not include the most famous underground chapel in the world, the Chapel of St. Kinga. Its first foundations were laid around 1895. Nonetheless, the modern tourist route occupies the same area as the one from the first half of the 19th century, i.e. the mine workings concentrated around the Daniłowicz Shaft. As a result, part of those intended for visitors in the first half of the 19th century is also available for tourists coming to Wieliczka today. These include the Daniłowicz Shaft, the Antonia Shaft, chambers of Urszula, Michałowice, Drozdowice, Józef Piłsudski (formerly the Rosetti/Majer chambers), Pieskowa Skała, Sielec, Spalona and St Anthony’s Chapel. Certainly, their interiors are quite different today. What is important, however, both today and in the Austrian times tourists visited the same part of the mine, which by its hosts was considered the most elegant and representative of the history of the Wieliczka salt mine. For nearly 250 years, since the Austrians introduced the first tourist route, significant and irreversible changes in the mine’s layout and design have taken place. All the descriptions and accounts that have been preserved from the old times give us a picture of the mine workings and the scope of services provided. In this context, the 1842 publication and its illustrations should be regarded as invaluable.
6
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Infrastruktura Wieliczka w latach 1772-1918

67%
Krzysztofek D.
Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
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2012
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vol. 28
115-170
EN
This study is devoted to the broadly-understood technical infrastructure and analysis of development of its individual areas which exerted significant impact on the proper functioning and development of Wieliczka during the times of the Austrian partition. The following issues are discussed in the study: transport infrastructure, both road and train, provision of the city and the mine with water (water supply system from the Lednice ponds of 1803, water supply systems from ponds: na Grabówkach, Syberia, from the Park of Empress Elizabeth, supplying water to the mining shafts and providing potable water from Bieżanów), discharge of sewage, lighting (starting with oil lamps, through kerosene and gas laps and ending with electric lights) and communication, i.e. the beginnings of the telegraph and telephone. Some of these discoveries are still used in Wieliczka, e.g. the potable water pipeline from Bieżanów and the main collector discharging sewage from the city. The saltworks power plant did not stand the test of time. The developing town was forced to get connected to the electric main of the city of Cracow. Transport infrastructure was significantly modernized and improved. Railway was electrified and roads were rebuilt.
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