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Jan Palach w czeskiej poezji

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EN
The article tackles the analysis of lyrical pieces dedicated to Jan Palach. From the extensive material, including inter alia Kazimierz Wierzyński’s poem Na śmierć Jana Palacha w Pradze broadcasted by the radio station of Radio Free Europe, or the piece written by a popular Bulgarian poet, Valery Petrov, entitled Self-immolation, I have selected only those works which were created in Czechoslovakia right after Jan Palach had committed self-immolation. The primary reason for such a selection is that they were composed shortly after Palach’s act and were written by Czech and Slovakian poets emotionally committed to the dramatic political suicide of a young Prague student and experienced the events of January 1969 directly. As a consequence, the following works remain in my interest: Miroslav Holub’s Praha Jana Palacha and Josef Kainar’s Bolest at’ mi poví, published in a weekly magazine of the Association of Czechoslovakian Writers “Letters” on 23rd January 1969, Jan Skácel’s Hořící keř, as well as the poem by Pavol Horov Malé rekviem za Jana Palacha a iných, both published in “Letters” on 6th and 13th February accordingly, and the poem written on 30th January 1969 by Jan Zábrana entitled První (Noc v Tatrách). The aspects I am mainly interested in in the works referred to above are the manners of articulating the heroization of Jan Palach and his act. Indeed, these poems constitute a part of heroic discourse, they create heroic narration and present the self-immolated person in a blaze of glory as an indisputable hero
PL
Do aktów samospalenia dochodzi od tysięcy lat, a zjawisko swoje najsilniejsze ognisko posiada w Azji. Globalizacja i unifikacja sprzyjają błyskawicznemu przekazywaniu informacji. Do samospaleń dochodzi również poza systemem, wobec którego samospaleniec występuje w formie protestu, o czym może dowiedzieć się opinia publiczna na świecie i w systemie, którego protest dotyczy. Wbrew obiegowym opiniom, samospaleń dokonuje się przede wszystkim z przyczyn politycznych i społecznych, głęboko altruistycznych, a nie jak to proponują rozumieć przedstawiciele reżimów niedemokratycznych z powodu chorób psychicznych i społecznego niedostosowania ofiar. Zjawisko samospaleń z przyczyn politycznych zasługuje na systematyczną obserwację i analizę ze strony przedstawicieli nauk o polityce, gdyż podobnie jak miało to miejsce w Tunezji (2010), samospalenie może być znakiem głębokich przemian politycznych na obszarze wielu państw. Samospalenia wywoływane są przez rządzących i posiadających władzę w różnych wymiarach życia poprzez łamanie praw człowieka.
EN
In this paper an author highlight that political self-immolation has been occurring for nearly two thousand years and the main center of this phenomenon is in Asia. Unification of attitudes and globalization are factors that in a flash spread information around the world. This means that about self-immolation everyone, potentially, know in a minute after it occur. Against common knowledge self-immolation are done because of socio-political reasons, deeply altruistic and not because of psychological reasons or unadjustedness of self-immolators as proposed by representatives of nondemocratic regimes. Self-immolation phenomenon is worth of permanent observation by political scientists as they may lead to political changes of great importance as it was in Tunisia (2010). Those who have power and authority by breaking human rights are responsible for self-immolation acts.
EN
On October 19, 2017, Piotr Szczęsny set himself on fire in front of the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw. He died ten days later as a result of injuries. In the letters he left behind, he explained that this act was an expression of opposition to the situation in Poland and the policy of the Law and Justice government. This event triggered a hot debate, among others, about the borders of political protests and the moral evaluation of suicide. The text aims at finding answers to the following questions: (1) what communication mechanisms were then launched and (2) what discursive strategies emerged during the public debate triggered by Piotr Szczęsny’s self-immolation. The study used the conceptual apparatus of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The article is an example of applying this analytical approach to the study of complex and opaque social phenomena.
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