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1

Maastikule kleepuv tekst: põrgupärimus

100%

Marju K.

Mäetagused

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2022

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vol. 84

133-162

EN

On the landscape, there are natural caves known as hells or hell graves, formed, for example, as a result of the outflow of spring water and in some cases expanded and deepened by human hands over time, as well as sandstone outcrops, feather holes or sölls or valleys, where, according to folk tales, mythological creatures-giants have lived or live: old pagans or devils. In this article, the focus is on “hell” as a traditional landscape element and places named “hell” in place lore and place creation, in original fiction based on folk tales, in tourism economy, etc. I claim that hell-themed place stories written down by folk over the ages stick to the landscape in different ways, whether it is the reuse of stories based on standard motifs in place creation, the consolidation of the landscape image embedded in traditional texts in tourism, even when the landscape itself has long since changed, etc. Scenically interesting places need attractive stories; this is one of the key themes of placemaking. As a concept, I use local place lore as an umbrella term for oral tradition in the field that can be linked to certain places in the landscape. Local place lore includes both international motifs and local legends, which in some cases have also been told as true stories. Local lore, as a type of lore that shows the connection between a person and a place, has been valued mainly because of the aspect that creates and supports local identity. However, the landscape surrounding the community is not a static but a dynamic space, in which new meanings that reflect the life of the community arise or are created, and these are also reflected in the lore related to the landscape.

2

Petrographic, mineralogical, and climatic analyses, and risk maps for conservation strategies

100%

Bartz W., Kościuk J., Gąsior M., Dziedzic T.

Architectus

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2020

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issue 2(62)

135-149

EN

El Fuerte de Samaipata is a pre-Hispanic archaeological site in Bolivia that has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Its main part – the rock – is densely covered with a complex arrangement of terraces, platforms, water reservoirs, channels, and petroglyphs. The rapidly progressing erosion of the rock is making the petroglyphs less and less clear, and some are no longer recognisable. The main topic of this study is to indicate all risk factors conducive to erosion and to create risk maps identifying the most vulnerable areas that require immediate conservation intervention. Parallel mineralogical and petrographic studies show that the Samaipata rock is a quartz-rich, porous, well-sorted sandstone, classified as quartz arenite or subarcosic arenite. The cement of the rock is composed of quartz overgrowth and ubiquitous, pore-filling hematite-clay aggregates containing non-expanding kaolinite, illite, and expanding smectite. The rock exhibits different stages of weathering, from relatively fresh to strongly altered and heavily cracked. In comparison to fresh rock, the latter has cement enriched in clay minerals and is depleted in hematite due to weathering and the dissolution of the iron-bearing phase.

PL

El Fuerte de Samaipata to wpisane na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO prehiszpańskie stanowisko archeologiczne w Boliwii. Jego główna część to skała ze złożonym układem tarasów, platform, zbiorników wodnych, kanałów i petroglifów. Szybko postępująca erozja sprawia, że petroglify stają się coraz mniej wyraźne, a niektóre nie są już rozpoznawalne. Głównym tematem badań jest wskazanie wszystkich czynników ryzyka sprzyjających erozji oraz stworzenie map ryzyka identyfikujących najbardziej wrażliwe obszary wymagające natychmiastowej interwencji konserwatorskiej. Badania mineralogiczne i petrograficzne wskazują, że Samaipata to bogaty w kwarc, porowaty, dobrze posortowany piaskowiec, sklasyfikowany jako arenit kwarcowy lub arenit subarkozowy. Spoiwo składa się z przerostu kwarcu i wszechobecnych, wypełniających pory agregatów hematytowo-gliniastych zawierających nierozprężający się kaolinit, illit i rozszerzający się smektyt. Skała wykazuje różne etapy wietrzenia, od stosunkowo świeżego do mocno zmienionego i mocno spękanego. W porównaniu ze świeżą skałą ta ostatnia ma cement wzbogacony w minerały ilaste i jest zubożona w hematyt z powodu wietrzenia i rozpuszczenia fazy żelazonośnej.

3

(Re)Konstrukcja¹ rzymskiego pieca do wytopu szkła

80%

Krzyżanowska M.

Studia Lednickie

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2014

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vol. 13

161-175

EN

The aim of the paper is to discuss an experiment concerning the (re)construction, structure and use of a Roman glass furnace. In the course of the designing of the experiment, a scheme proposed by Coles was used. e (re)construction was based on three categories of sources: archaeological (a find of a furnace from Hambach Forst), iconographic (olive lamps with depictions of furnaces), as well as earlier experiments of this kind. e feature in question was a two-level cupola furnace. For its construction, specially prepared roofing tiles, sandstone and clay with an admixture of sand and hay were used. Oak and birch wood was used to heat the furnace. Temperature values in the furnace were measured with a pyrometer in four spots. The following conclusions were drawn: it was not possible to achieve the required temperature in the furnace due to a too small opening in the fire-grate and the use of fresh and unseasoned wood. Furthermore, errors were made in the course of the construction of the furnace. These were: an improperly built part of the fire chamber wall and too flat arcs above the openings in the furnace. The validity of these conclusions was checked; the opening in the fire-grate was enlarged; seasoned oak and birch wood was used, and the cracks were fixed and filled up. No accurate temperature measurements were taken in the course of the second "ring. However, in all probability a sufficiently high temperature was achieved, as glass cullet in the furnace melted.

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1 Architectus

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1 Dziedzic T.

1 Gąsior M.

1 Kościuk J.

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1 Marju K.

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Maastikule kleepuv tekst: põrgupärimus

Petrographic, mineralogical, and climatic analyses, and risk maps for conservation strategies

(Re)Konstrukcja¹ rzymskiego pieca do wytopu szkła