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Integrated Space Situational Awareness Systems: SDA and SSA – Advantages and Limitations

100%
Polkowska M.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2021
|
issue 2 (50)
133-148
EN
SDA (Space Domain Awareness) and SSA (Space Situational Awareness – SSA) have been defined as comprehensive knowledge of space objects and the ability to track, understand, and predict their future location. The purpose of the article is to present SSA initiatives to protect space systems, which are now recognized as fundamental assets of the sustainable development of each country. The destruction of even a part of the space infrastructure can have severe consequences for the security of citizens and economic activity. These systems assume the combination of all data obtained by various entities operating in space and Earth to create a common database. The SSA system was created based on the US military programme SDA (Space Domain Awareness); SSA and SDA are almost similar, but SDA is a new term replacing SSA, which existed previously. SDA is a better and improved SSA. Increasingly, the SSA programme is part of national and EU space strategies, but it is not yet possible to include it in international space law.
2
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Feasibility study of flood risk monitoring based on optical satellite data

86%
Weintrit B., Osińska-Skotak K., Pilarska M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 3
172-180
EN
This article presents an extensive feasibility study of the use of optical satellite data for flood risk monitoring. The article presents a review of existing and archival satellite systems. The capabilities and restrictions of using earth observation data are presented, in relation to the identified threat and taking into account the size, genesis and cause. The initial results of the studies demonstrate the potential of very high and highresolution satellite imagery for the operational detection of damage and risk areas. In the presented approach, two analyses were conducted: bare soil detection and water range detection, based on different radiometric indices. As a result of the conducted research, the best results in bare soil detection were obtained using the MSAVI and NDVI indices. The most effective at delimiting water was the NDVI index. The automatization of satellite data processing from different satellite systems gives opportunities for hydrological services and crisis management professionals to access accurate and up-to-date information about the condition of levees for the early detection of flood risk.
3
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Polish contribution to space research

86%
Wolański P., Banaszkiewicz M., Kłos Z., Ziółkowski J., Zdziarski A.
Nauka
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2008
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issue 3
EN
A short historical description of Polish contribution to astronomy and rocket technology is given. Then Polish activities in field of space exploration, such as instrument designed and build in Poland and placed on board of rockets, satellites and space probes during last 50 years are described. Contributions of the Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences as well as astronomical discoveries made by Polish astrophysicists are presented. Most important missions in which instruments build in Poland were placed on board are among others: Mars Express and Venus Express, Cassini-Huygens, Rosetta and Integral. Among numerous discoveries made by Polish astrophysicists, one should mention the discovery and proper identification of powerful burst from magnetar SGR 1806-20 and the discovery of unusually rapid bursts from black hole Cyg X-1.
4
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Genetically modified organisms – economy and safety

86%
Bąkowska-Żywicka K., Tyczewska A., Twardowski T.
Nauka
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2008
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issue 3
EN
A short historical description of Polish contribution to astronomy and rocket technology is given. Then Polish activities in field of space exploration, such as instrument designed and build in Poland and placed on board of rockets, satellites and space probes during last 50 years are described. Contributions of the Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences as well as astronomical discoveries made by Polish astrophysicists are presented. Most important missions in which instruments build in Poland were placed on board are among others: Mars Express and Venus Express, Cassini-Huygens, Rosetta and Integral. Among numerous discoveries made by Polish astrophysicists, one should mention the discovery and proper identification of powerful burst from magnetar SGR 1806-20 and the discovery of unusually rapid bursts from black hole Cyg X-1.
5
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Russia’s space defence from its beginning to the present time

72%
Deák J.
Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 2
9-23
EN
Moscow commemorated the Victory Day with the greatest parade83 since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Russia, a nuclear power, still counts as a military superpower. The military forces, which were founded to carry out space tasks — but their very first task was to construct a scientific-experimental shooting range — has become the guarantee of this retarding force during the six years of their existence.84 Their name today is Aerospace Defence Forces (Voyska Vozdushno- Kosmicheskoy Oborony, VVKO) and their effectiveness according to president Putin is “fundamentally the guarantee of the firmness of our retarding force and at the same time the defence of the territory of our country from aerial and cosmic attacks”.
CS
Moskva si připomněla Den vítězství největší vojenskou přehlídkou86 od rozpadu Sovětského svazu. S Ruskem, jadernou mocností, se musí stále počítat jako s vojenskou supervelmocí. Vojenské jednotky, jež vznikly za účely spojenými s vesmírem — ale jejich prvním úkolem bylo zkonstruovat vědecko-experimentální střelnici —, se během své šestileté existence staly zárukou vzdušné brzdné síly.87 Jejich dnešní název je Vzdušné obranné síly (Voyska Vozdushno-Kosmicheskoy Oborony, VVKO) a podle prezidenta Putina je jejich účinnost „základní garancí pe
6
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Geodata sources and geoinformation systems in hydrometeorological security

72%
Drzewiecki D.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2016
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vol. 11
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issue 2
93-109
EN
A definition of the concept of information was placed in the publication of spatial ata with reference to the hydrometeorological systems covering the country. The next keys to the encryption and transmitting of hydrometeorological measurement were specified in the international system for warning against the dangerous phenomena of the weather. The characteristics of meteorological data they presented were based on the system of weather satellites (circumpolar and geostationary) and of the POLRAD radar system, included in the radar security system of European space. At the end, a few examples were given of geoportals monitoring the state of the natural environment and elements of the ISOK security system, the SMOK system and SSH military system of the Republic of Poland.
7
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Odpowiedzialność za zanieczyszczenie przestrzeni kosmicznej

72%
Polkowska M., Toumi M.
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
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2023
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vol. 18
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issue 20 (2)
235-254
EN
The legacy of over 50 years of spaceflight has brought not only technical developments and scientific and achievements, but it has also led to a growing population of space debris. There are many sources of space pollution: abandoned equipment such as launch vehicle upper stages or satellites that have been abandoned at the end of their life, items from spacecraft released during mission operations (typically these items include launch vehicle fairings, split screws, cable ties, lens hoods and caps). Various shapes and sizes of debris are also produced by equipment degradation due to gases, solar radiation, as well as the operation of solid rocket engines. Examples of such products are paint flakes, alumina particles from exhaust gases and solid engine coating residues. The international community is making efforts to reduce the danger posed by the spread of space debris caused by state and private entities involved in the exploitation of space.
PL
Dziedzictwo ponad 50 lat lotów kosmicznych przyniosło nie tylko rozwój techniczny i naukowy oraz osiągnięcia, ale doprowadziło również do rosnącej populacji śmieci kosmicznych. Źródeł kosmicznych zanieczyszczeń jest wiele: porzucony sprzęt, taki jak górne stopnie rakiet nośnych lub satelity, które zostały porzucone pod koniec ich eksploatacji, przedmioty ze statków kosmicznych uwalniane w trakcie operacji misyjnych (zazwyczaj te elementy obejmują owiewki pojazdu startowego, śruby rozdzielające, opaski zaciskowe, osłony i pokrywy obiektywu). Różne kształty i rozmiary gruzu powstają również w wyniku degradacji sprzętu, działania gazów, promieniowania słonecznego, a także działania silników rakietowych na paliwo stałe. Przykładami takich produktów są płatki farby, cząstki tlenku glinu ze spalin i stałe pozostałości pokrycia silnika. Społeczność międzynarodowa podejmuje starania, aby zmniejszyć niebezpieczeństwo płynące z rozpowszechnienia się szczątków kosmicznych spowodowanych przez podmioty państwowe i prywatne zajmujące się eksploatacją Kosmosu.
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