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EN
The research problem of this article is the evaluation of the correlation between the level of knowledge about pensions and the perception of the changes introduced by the government in the pension system, as well as the correlation between the knowledge and decisions made by consumers in connection with these changes. The study uses a triangulation of research methods. The used primary data were obtained from our qualitative and representative quantitative studies. The research was a part of National Science Centre’s research project (no. UMO-2012/05/B/HS4/04183). The level of knowledge, both objective and subjective about the pension system is low. The research positively verifies the hypothesis of the relationship between knowledge on the evaluation of the changes in the pension system and the decisions concerning additional saving. It must be highlighted that evaluations and decisions are associated with the self-assessment of one’s knowledge much more than by the actual level of one’s knowledge. The considerable challenge for the government and the institutions linked to the pension system is to build financial pension awareness and encourage saving.
EN
The paper examines how indicators of the shadow economy correspond to the National Accounts values. More precisely, we focus on household accounts assuming that the shadow economy should be visible in the difference between household income and consumption, as household (disposable) income is grossly underreported. Household consumption seems therefore to be a more accurate indicator in this context, as most shadow economy income is eventually spent on consumption. This implies that household savings figures should be negatively related to the values of the shadow economy; consequently, if the values relating to the shadow economy are high, savings should be low, or even negative, and vice versa. We verify this hypothesis using European cross-country data covering the years 1991-2017 with the application of MIMIC model calculations as a point of reference. The estimation results lend very little support to the hypothesis assuming that the shadow economy depresses household savings, even though we can otherwise explain comparatively well the cross-country variation in household savings and consumption growth rates.
EN
The article presents households' motivations for saving, including – in particular – saving for retirement. It defines the notion of goals with reference to a more frequently described notion of motives. On the basis of the authors’ own empirical research results, the relationship between saving for retirement and other goals of saving was found, as well as verifying and comparing the determinants of particular goals of saving. The analysis uses the methods of descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia cele oszczędzania gospodarstw domowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oszczędzania na emeryturę. Artykuł definiuje pojęcie celów i odnosi je do popularniejszej koncepcji motywów. Na podstawie wyników własnych badań empirycznych określono relację między oszczędzaniem na emeryturę a innymi celami oszczędzania oraz zweryfikowano i porównano determinanty poszczególnych celów oszczędzania. W analizie wykorzystano metody statystyki opisowej oraz regresję logistyczną.
EN
The purpose of the study is to test whether the existence of differences in mean time preferences between countries is a significant determinant of the level of savings, indebtedness, and the size of capital markets across countries. Results show only limited support for the link between time preference and the propensity to save. The paper contains a discussion on the possible reasons for the general lack of support for the hypothesized effects of cross-country time preference heterogeneity.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie badania mającego wskazać, czy istnienie różnicy w przeciętnym poziomie preferencji czasowej między krajami stanowi istotną determinantę poziomu oszczędności, zadłużenia i stopnia rozwoju rynków kapitałowych w poszczególnych krajach. Wyniki analizy wskazały wyłącznie na ograniczony związek między preferencją czasową a skłonnością do oszczędzania. W artykule zawarto dyskusję możliwych powodów braku wsparcia dla postulowanych efektów międzykrajowej heterogeniczności w preferencji czasowej.
EN
The aim of this study is to distinguish the types of saving behaviour of young Georgians – residents of the capital Tbilisi. The objective was achieved using primary survey data and cluster analysis. Three types of saving behaviour strategies were distinguished: with cash, valuing safety and diversifying saving portfolio. Research indicates that among young residents of Georgia dominates the type of valuing safety. People belonging to this group place their savings in products with a low degree of risk, such as bank deposits in the national currency, cash and insurance policies.
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy było wyodrębnienie typów zachowań oszczędnościowych młodych Gruzinów – mieszkańców Tbilisi. Cel został zrealizowany z wykorzystaniem danych pierwotnych pochodzących z badań ankietowych prowadzonych w Gruzji. Za pomocą analizy skupień wyróżniono trzy typy zachowań istotnie różniące się między sobą strategiami w zakresie podejścia do oszczędności. Badania wykazały, że wśród młodych mieszkańców Gruzji dominuje typ ceniący bezpieczeństwo, lokujący swoje oszczędności w produkty o małym stopniu ryzyka, takie jak: depozyty bankowe w krajowej walucie, gotówka i polisy ubezpieczeniowe.
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