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EN
The purpose of this article is to show the opinions of the eminent Polish scholars on principal problems of science and university teaching. These scholars took part in a convention organized by the Mianowski Fund in Warsaw on 2–3 April 1927. It was dedicated to two major themes: the situation of higher schools in the face of the necessity of providing professional training for masses of youth and the preparation of a part of students for research work. Academic teachers discussed how to harmonise these (and many others) functions of higher education. The convention was attended by delegates of all most important higher schools in Poland and by representatives of the government, with President Ignacy Mościcki.
EN
The article is a form of reflection upon the research subject, the research methods and the aim of research on social movements and political thought. The author of the article suggests that in the research being carried out one should use methods characteristic of other scientific disciplines and the terms used in other sciences, for example in medicine, cognitive science or sociology. Replying to the question of the aim of research, the author explains that science is to serve the cognition and understanding of the world. Science is not supposed to be an art cultivated by a small circle of scholars in order not to contribute to the degeneration of the social system.
EN
The authors discuss a rarely raised topic concerning the role of education in life in penitentiary isolation. Basic issues of education, learning, and social rehabilitation against the background of classical rehabilitation pedagogy. The authors present the axiological concepts and the concepts of rehabilitation. The situation of people in isolation arouses significant interest. Awareness of the high rate of recidivism indicates that, in addition to rehabilitation through therapy and work, auxiliary institutions such as prison schools should also play an important role. It is education that allows many of the basic needs of incarcerated people to be met, thus giving them the opportunity for a better start, once they leave prison.
PL
Autorki omawiają rzadko podnoszony temat dotyczący roli edukacji w życiu w izolacji penitencjarnej oraz podstawowe zagadnienia edukacji, nauki, resocjalizacji na tle klasycznej pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej. Autorki przedstawiają koncepcje aksjologiczne oraz resocjalizacyjne. Sytuacja osób przebywających w izolacji wzbudza istotne zainteresowanie. Świadomość wysokiego poziomu powrotności do przestępstw wskazuje, że oprócz resocjalizacji przez terapię i pracę ważną rolę powinny odgrywać również instytucje pomocnicze, jakimi są szkoły przywięzienne. To nauka, szkolnictwo, edukacja pozwalają na zaspokojenie wielu podstawowych potrzeb osób uwięzionych, dając im tym samym możliwość lepszego startu po opuszczeniu zakładów karnych.
EN
The article presents the relationship between the drama of Larysa Kosach (Lesya Ukrainka) and philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. This connection is to show the crisis of Christian philosophy, which European culture faced at the turn of the 20th century. One of the significant roles was played by the Paul the Apostle, who often appears in Lesya Ukrainka’s drama and is the reason for polemics with the New Testament’s vision of the religion, the concept of the state and social order. The similarity with Nietzsche’s philosophy here is striking, because in both cases the “Good News” of the Saint of Tarsus is interpreted not only in opposition to the teachings of Christ, but first and foremost as the factor in early Christianity, which contributed to strengthening Christian morality consistently controverted by Nietzsche and Lesya Ukrainka.
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