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EN
The present study applies the theory of intersubjectivity to language and cognitive development in children, particularly their involvement in joint activities which rely heavily on the intersubjective coordination of mental states (e.g. shared goals, intentions and beliefs about the world) and corresponding actions among participants (Verhagen, 2015; Clark, 1996, 2006). The participation in joint activities has been reported to enhance child development, bootstrapping both their communicative competence and understanding of mental contents of others. To show these effects, we present a qualitative analysis of an interaction between a three- -year-old child and her parent during a social pretend play, investigating both the situations where the child successfully followed the normative rules of a joint activity as well as those where the coordination between the participants was difficult to achieve and the negotiation of participants’ perspectives had to be introduced. Overall, the theoretical perspective based on the intersubjective coordination of participants during interactions not only proved to be fruitful for a complex inspection of child-parent communication, but also, due to its complexity and sociopragmatic basis, demonstrated some advantages over the traditional Theory of Mind model.
EN
Th is study is inspired by the book Jak rozumíme druhým? Studie o sociálním rozumění a sdílení světa nejen u člověka (How do we understand others? On social understanding and sharing of the world in humans and other animals) by Petr Urban and pays attention to current discussions about social cognition, namely in the case of non-linguistic agents. Most prominent positions are held by the group of comparative psychologists led by M. Tomasello, stemming from the philosophers of collective intentionality, and the group around D. Leavens and K. Bard, which is related to an interactivist interpretation of social cognition. It is demonstrated that the diff erences in the results of empirical studies are based on the ontological commitments of individual research programs, coupled with their relation to the problem of anthropological diff erence. Th e study questions the possibility of choosing a suitable theory by the means of the philosophy of science. At the end, a reinterpretation of non-human social cognition on the basis of umwelt theory is brought out.
CS
Tato studie je inspirována knížkou Petra Urbana Jak rozumíme druhým? Studie o sociálním rozumění a sdílení světa nejen u člověka a věnuje se současným diskuzím o povaze sociálního rozumění, zejména v případě nelinguálních tvorů. Nejvýraznější pozice zastává na jedné straně skupina srovnávacích psychologů kolem M. Tomasella, která vychází z fi losofů kolektivní intencionality, na straně druhé D. Leavens a K. Bardová, kteří mají blízko k interaktivistické interpretaci problému sociálního rozumění. Bude ukázáno, že rozdíly ve výsledcích empirických výzkumů mají základ v ontologických závazcích jednotlivých výzkumných programů, přičemž důležitou roli hraje vymezení se vůči problému antropologické diference. Studie se táže, je-li možné prostředky fi losofi e vědy mezi soupeřícími teoriemi rozhodnout. Na závěr je uvedena možnost biosémiotické reinterpretace mimo-lidského sociálního rozumění na pozadí teorie umweltu.
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